正确答案: D

the video-game industry has grown rapidly

题目：请阅读 Passage 2,完成 1~5小题。 　　Passage 2 　　Old stereotypes die hard.Picture a video-game player and you will likely imagine a teenage boy,by himself,compulsively hammering away at a game involving rayguns and aliens that splatter when blasted.Ten years ago that might have bome some relation to reality.But today a gamer is as likely to be a middle-aged commuter playing "Angry Birds" on her smartphone.In AmericA.the biggest market,the average game-player is 37 years old.Two-fifths are female. 　　Over the past ten years the video-game industry has grown from a small business to a huge, mainstream one.With global sales of $56 billion in 2010,it is more than twice the size of the recorded-music industry.Despite the downturn,it is growing by almost 9% a year. 　　Is this success due to luck or skill? The answer matters,because the rest of the entertainment industry has tended to treat gaming as being a lucky beneficiary of broader technological changes. Video gaming,unlike musiC.film or television,had the luck to be born digital.In fact,there is plenty for old media to learn. 　　Video games have certainly been swept along by two forces: demography and technology.The first gaming generation-the children of the 1970s and early 1980s-is now over 30.Many still love gaming,and can afford to spend far more on it now.Meanwhile rapid improvements in computing power have allowed game designers to offer experiences that are now often more cinematic than the cinema. 　　But even granted this good fortune,the game-makers have been clever.They have reached out to new customers with new methods.They have branched out into education,corporate training and even warfare,and have embraced digital downloads and mobile devices with enthusiasm.Though big-budget games are still popular,much of the growth now comes from "casual" games that are simple,cheap and playable in short bursts on mobile phones or in web browsers. 　　The industry has excelled in a particular area-pricing.In an era when people are disinclined to pay for content on the weB.games publishers were quick to develop "freemium" models,where you rely on non-paying customers to build an audience and then extract cash only from a fanatical few. 　　As gaming comes to be seen as just another medium,its <u>tech-savvy approach</u> could provide a welcome shot in the arm for existing media groups.

解析：推断题。第一段第一句说“老成见总是难以改变”。接下来做了解释：谈到电子游戏玩家，你可能会想到一个小男孩独自入迷地玩游戏，在十年前这可能是现实；但十年后的今天可能是个中年的上班族在玩游戏。最后一句提到美国是最大的电子游戏市场，并交代了玩家的平均年龄和女性的人数。第二段开头紧接着讲“过去十年中，电子游戏行业已经从一个微不足道的小行业发展为一个庞大的主流产业”。可见第一段的两个例子作对比是用来说明十年中电子游戏行业由弱到强的变化。因此D项正确。A、B两项属于表面信息。C项是作者阐述观点前的反面沦证，不是用例子作对比的目的。

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学习资料的答案和解析：

[单选题]"泥鳅训练刻苦，跳跃、跑步虽有长进，但也只得了'C'等，飞行项目最终没有学会。"泥鳅的故事告诉我们，教育应遵循( )原则。

因材施教

解析：因材施教是指教师从学生的实际出发，使教学的深度、广度、进度适合学生的知识水平和接受能力，同时考虑学生的个性特点和个性差异，使每个人的才能品行获得最佳的发展的一项教育原则。教泥鳅学习飞行，是不关注其实际，不尊重个性差异的做法，不符合因材施教的教学原则。

[单选题]倾向于废除直接教学、废除考试的教学理论流派是( )。

人本主义教学理论

解析：(1)行为主义教学理论把刺激一联结作为行为的基本单位，学习即"刺激一联结"之间联结的加强。基本主张：①预期行为结果的教学目标；②相倚组织的教学过程；⑧程序教学的方法。(2)认知主义教学理论认为学习的基础是学习者内部心理结构的形成和改组，教学就是促进学习者内部心理结构的形成或改组。认知主义的代表人物有：皮亚杰、布鲁纳、加涅等。(3)人本主义教学理论的基本主张包括：①教学目标上强调培养完整的人；②教学模式以学生为中心；③在学习过程中强调意义学习，教师的任务是为学生创设一种良好的环境，使学生能够根据自己的兴趣爱好和自我理想来选择学习内容，倾向于废除直接教学；④教学评价上注重学生的自我评价，倾向于废除考试。(4)建构主义教学理论认为，学习不是由教师把知识简单地传递给学生，而是由学生自己建构知识的过程。学生不是简单被动地接收信息，而是主动地建构知识的意义。

[单选题]选择和确立教育目的时，在基本价值取向方面，长期存在的对立是( )的对立。

个人本位与社会本位

解析：选择和确立教育目的时，在基本价值取向方面，长期存在的对立是个人本位和社会本位的对立。

[单选题]有人把教育隐喻为"塑造"，称教师是"人类灵魂工程师"，这种观点在人的发展影响因素问题上倾向于( )。

外铄论

解析：外铄论即环境决定论，该观点认为人的发展主要是靠外在的力量，诸如环境的刺激和要求。他人的影响及学校的教育等。本题中把教育隐喻为"塑徒"，强调教师的作用，也就是认为教育是塑造，人的发展依靠的是学校的教育，依靠的是教师，这是外铄论的观点。

[单选题]某所中学，从初一级开始抓分数，把学生考分作为评定三好学生的唯一标准，把各种平均分数作为评定各科教师教育质量的全部依据。学校的做法( )。

不符合新课改的评价理念

解析：新课程改革的推进过程中，要建立与素质教育理念相一致的评价与考试制度，主要体现在评价的发展性、评价内容综合化、评价方式多样化、评价主体的多元化、评价过程的动态化。而题目中的小学过分的关注学生的成绩，一切向分看，不利于学生的全面发展，违背了新课改中的发展性、综合化评价，故选择D。

[单选题]In which of the following activities does the teacher mainly play the role of a prompter?

Enlightening students to express their ideas.

解析：考查教师的角色与作用。A项体现的是组织者，B项体现的是调控者，D项体现的是知识的传授者．C项“启发学生表达自己的想法”体现了学生活动的促进者这一角色。

[单选题]儿童的思维已经超越了对具体的可感知的事物的依赖，能以命题的形式进行，并能发现命题之间的关系，能理解符号的意义，能做一定的概括，思维已经接近成人的水平。这在皮亚杰儿童智力发展阶段中属于( )。

形式运算阶段

解析：形式运算阶段（11岁～成人），是儿童思维发展趋于成熟的阶段，本阶段儿童思维的特征是思维以命题形式进行，不仅能考虑命题与经验之间的真实性关系，而且能看到命题与现实之间的关系，并能推论两个或多个命题之间的逻辑关系。具有抽象逻辑思维能理解符合的意义、隐喻和直喻，能对事物做一定的概括，其思维发展水平接近成人的发展水平。

[单选题] Like most people, I've long understood that I will be judged by my occupation, that my profession is a gauge people use to see how smart or talented I am. Recently, however, I was disappointed to see that it also decides how I'm treated as a person. Last year I left a professional position as a small-town reporter and took a job waiting tables. As someone paid to serve food to people, I had customers say and do things to me I suspect they'd never say or do to their most casual acquaintances. One night a man talking on his cell phone waved me away, then beckoned me back with his finger a minute later, complaining he was ready to order and asking where I'd been. I had waited tables during summers in college and was treated like a peon by plenty of people. But at 19 years old, I believed I deserved inferior treatment from professional adults. Besides, people responded to me differently after I told them I was in college. Customers would joke that one day I'd be sitting at their table, waiting to be served. Once I graduated I took a job at a community newspaper. From my first day, I heard a respectful tone from everyone who called me. I assumed this was the way the professional world worked-cordially. I soon found out differently, I sat several feet away from an advertising sales representative with a similar name. Our calls would often get mixed up and someone asking for Kristen would be transferred to Christie. The mistake was immediately evident. Perhaps it was because money was involved, but people used a tone with Kristen that they never used with me. My job title made people treat me with courtesy. So it was a shock to return to the restaurant industry. It's no secret that there's a lot to put up with when waiting tables, and fortunately, much of it can be easily forgotten when you pocket the tips. The service industry, by definition, exists to cater to others' needs. Still, it seemed that many of my customers didn't get the difference between server and servant. I'm now applying to graduate school, which means someday I'll. return to a profession where people need to be nice to me in order to get what they want. I think I'll take them to dinner first, and see how they treat someone whose only job is to serve them.

What does the author imply by saying "... many of my customers didn't get the difference between server and servant"?

Those working in the service industry shouldn't be treated as servants.

解析：1.细节题。文中第一段提到，作者知道人们会以职位来判断一个人的智力；最后一句提到“1 was disappointed to see'that it also decides how I'm treated as a person.”故选C。 2.推断题，文中第二段提到，作者在做服务生时，一个打着电话的客人把他赶走，一分钟后又打手势让他过去，还说一直找不到他，即客人很不尊重服务员，故选B。 3.推断题。文中倒数第二段提到了这句话，从作者的意思来看，很多客人不尊重服务员，把他们当成了仆人来使唤，这让作者很不满意，故选项C符合题意。 4.细节题。文中第三段第二句提到“But at 19 years old，I believed I deserved inferior treatment from professional adults.”即在19岁时，作者认为受到下等人的对待是应该的，即是件很自然的事，故选D。 5.推断题。根据全文的意思判断，作者对那些把服务员当成仆人的客人很不满，以后带着客户去吃饭，应该是想观察一下客户对服务员的态度，从中反映出他们是什么样的人，选项B符合题意。

[单选题] Exceptional children are different in some significant ways from others of the same age, for the same age, for these children to develop to their full adult potential, their education must be adapted to those differences. Although we focus on the needs of exceptional children, we find ourselves describing their environment as well.While the leading actor on the stage captures our attention, we are aware of the importance of the supporting players and the scenery of the play itself.Both the family and the society in which exceptional children live are often the key to their growth and development.And it is in the public schools that we find the full expression of society′s understanding the knowledge, hopes, and fears that are passed on to the next generation. Education in any society is a mirror of that society.In that mirror we can see the strengths, the weaknesses, the hopes, the prejudices, and the central values of the culture itself.The great interest in exceptional children shown in public education over the past three decades indicates the strong feeling in our society that all citizens, whatever their special conditions, deserve the opportunity to fully develop their capabilities. "All men are created equal." We've heard it many times, but it still has important meaning for education in a democratic society.Although the phrase was used by this country′s founders to denote equality before the law, it has also been interpreted to mean equality of opportunity.That concept implies educational opportunity for all children-the right of each child to receive help in learning to the limits of his or her capacity, whether that capacity be small or great.Recent court decisions have confirmed the right of all children-disabled or not-to an appropriate education, and have ordered that public schools take the necessary steps to provide that education.In response, schools are modifying their programs, adapting instruction to children who are exceptional, to those who cannot profit substantially from regular programs.

This passage mainly deals with

the necessity of adapting education to exceptional children

解析：1.在第二段，作者举例说，舞台上的主角吸引了我们的注意力，但我们没有忽视配角的支持与舞台布景的衬托。下文的exceptional children与例子中的leading actor相对应；下文的family和society与例子中的supporting players和scenery相对应，从而说明了超常孩子的成长与家庭和社会有很大关系，故选A。 2.根据文章第三段最后一句"The great interest in exceptional children…indicates the strong feeling in our society that all citizens,.deserve the opponunity to fully develop their capabilities."可知，C项正确。 3.本文开头第一段概括了全文的主题思想。下文详细地阐述了家庭和社会对超常孩子的重要性，教育对所有孩子的重要性和所有孩子平等地受教育的法律保证。这些细节都说明了教育适应超常孩子的必要性。B项本文未涉及，A、C虽有涉及，但不是全文的主题思想。故选D。 4.根据第四段中间的"Recent court decisions have confirmed the right of all children-disable or not-to an appropriate education"可知，A项正确。 5.做这类题可以从文中找各选项的依据来逐项排除。文章首段中的"…to develop to their full adult potential"和文章最后一句中的"…to those who cannot proft substantially from regular programs."清楚地表明了"exceptional children"指的是智力超常的儿童，因此A项不正确。文章的第四段对"All men are created equal"在教育中的含义给予了具体的解释，即"每个孩子具有得到帮助、学到能力极限的权利"，因此B项错误。本文的宗旨是赞同学校对超常儿童与普通儿童采用不同的教学计划；法律确认的是所有孩子享有适当的教育的权利，这包括超常儿童的潜能得以最大发挥的权利，因此C项不对。D项意为"学校通常的教学计划不能满足超常儿童充分发挥潜能的需要"。"调整教学计划适应超常儿童的必要性"是本文的中心，这与D项内容一致，故选D。