正确答案: C

Individuals keeping the information about their proficiency to themselves.

题目：21.请阅读Passage 1，完成第1～5小题。 　　Passage 1 　　Self-driving vehicles threaten to send truck drivers to the unemployment office.Computerprograms can now write journalistic accounts of sporting events and stock price movements.There are even computers that can grade essay exams with reasonable accuracy,which could revolutionizemy own job.Increasingly,machines are providing not only the “brawn” but the brains,too.And thatraises “the question” of where humans fit into this picture-who will prosper and who won't in thisnew kind ofmachine economyr? 　　Within five years we are likely to have the world's best education,or close to it,online andfree.But not everyone will sit down and go through the material without a professor pushing themto do the work. 　　Your smartphone will record data on your life and,when asked,will tell you what to do,drawing on data from your home or from your spouse and friends if need be.“You’ve thrown outthat bread the last three times you’ve bought it,give it a pass” will be a text message of the future.How about “Now is not the time to start another argument with your wife”? The GPS is just the beginning of computer-guided instruction.Take your smartphone on a date,and it might vibratein your pocket to indicate “Kiss her now.” If you hesitate for fear of being seen as pushy,it may write:“Who cares ifyou look bad? You are sampling optimally in the quest for a lifetime companion.” 　　A lot ofjobs will consist of making people feel either very good or very bad about themselves.Coaches,mentors and disciplinarians will spread to many areas oflife,at least for those of us whocan stand to listen to them.These people will cajole us,fiatter us and shame us into improving ourlives,our work habits and our consumption. 　　Computing and software will make it easier to measure performance and productivity. 　　It will be harder to gloss over our failings and maintain self-deception.In essence everyone will suffer the fate of professional chess players,who will always know when they have lost a game,have an exact numerical rating for their overall performance,and find excuses for failure hard tocome by. 　　Individuals will have many measures of their proficiency.They will have an incentive todisclose that information to get the better job or social opportunity.You'll assume the worst aboutthose who keep secrets,and so openness will reign.Many of us will start to hate the idea of Big Data.

解析：细节题。根据最后一段中的“They will have an incentive to disclose that informationto get the better job or social opportunity.You'll assume the worst about those who keep secrets,and so opennesswill reign”，可知透露信息的人可以得到好的工作或社会机遇，而那些保密的人会被人们往最坏处想，因而坦诚将成为王道。由此可知，那些保密的人最容易因这次技术革命受挫。故本题选C。

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学习资料的答案和解析：

[单选题]造成学生心理个别差异的原因是( )。

遗传、社会环境、学校教育

解析：造成学生心理个别差异的原因有遗传、社会环境、学校教育等，但不包括人际关系。故选择B。

[单选题]"见者易，学者难"这句话强调的是( )。

练习，示范

解析：这是出自《增广贤文》中的古训。大意就是：看着容易，学起来就难了。不要以为容易得到，就把它视为等闲之物。影响动作技能学习的因素有三个，有效的指导与示范，练习和反馈。故选择B。

[单选题]中学生物课上，教师要为学生讲解草履虫，准备了草履虫的挂图。这符合教学的( )。

直观性原则

解析：直观性原则是指在教学活动中，教师应尽量利用学生的多种感官和已有的经验，通过各种形式的感知，丰富学生的直接经验和感性认识，使学生获得生动的表象，从而比较全面、深刻地掌握知识。直观手段主要有：实物直观、模象直观、言语直观。中学生物课上，教师要为学生讲解草履虫，准备了草履虫的挂图。运用的是模象直观，符合教学的直观性原则。

[单选题]人们常说的"举一反三"、"闻一知十"等可用( )道理来解释。

迁移理论

解析：学习迁移也称训练迁移，是指一种学习对另一种学习的影响，或习得的经验对完成其他活动的影响，如通常所说的"举一反三"、"触类旁通"。故选择D。

[单选题]下列不属于教育对社会民主推进作用的是( )。

教育可以化解社会矛盾和冲突

解析：教育无法做到化解社会矛盾和冲突。