正确答案: A

教育是进行物质生产的必要条件

题目：目前各国都非常重视教育对经济的作用，因此提出了教育先行"的理念。下列关于"教育先行"说法正确的是( )。

解析：关于"教育先行"应注意：(1)教育是进行物质生产的必要条件。教育承担着培养劳动者的任务，如果教育不在生产活动之前培养好所需要的劳动力，即使有了生产所需的设备和原材料，生产活动也是无法进行的。(2)教育投资的比例和增加要根据国民经济水平确定，不能破坏经济上的平衡，故并不是越多越好。(3)教育是可以带来经济效益的，但是教育并不必然带来经济效益。教育要想取得明显的经济效益，必须与经济建设协调发展。

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学习资料的答案和解析：

[单选题]欧洲文学长廊中的四个经典人物形象，以吝啬而闻名，下列作品中不属于四大吝啬鬼登场作品的是( )。

《变色龙》

解析：《变色龙》是苏联批判现实主义作家契诃夫作品。故选择B。四大吝啬鬼作品：莎士比亚的《威尼斯商人》--夏洛克；果戈理的《死魂灵》--泼留希金；莫里哀的《悭吝人》--阿巴贡；巴尔扎克的《守财奴》（《欧也妮·葛朗台》）--葛朗台。

[单选题]( )既是教学的起点，也是教学的归宿。

教学目标

解析：教学目标既是教学的起点，也是教学的归宿，是教学的灵魂，它在整个教学过程中起着引领作用。

[单选题]由于表述反映活动的形式不同，知识可以分为陈述性知识与( )。

程序性知识

解析：根据知识的不同表述形式，把知识分为陈述性知识和程序性知识。陈述性知识也叫描述性知识，是个人能用言语进行直接陈述的知识，这类知识主要用来回答事物是什么、为什么和怎么样等问题，可用来区别和辨别事物。程序性知识也叫操作性知识，是个体难以陈述清楚、只能借助于某种方法间接推测其存在的知识，这类知识主要用来解决做什么和怎么做的问题。

[单选题]前摄抑制是指后学习的材料对保持和回忆先学习材料的干扰作用。( )A.正确B.错误

解析：前摄抑制是指先前学习的材料对后学习的材料的回忆或再认产生的干扰。后学习的材料对保持和回忆先学习材料的干扰作用是后摄抑制。

[多选题]马斯洛认为人有7种基本需要，分别为生理需要、安全需要、归属与爱的需要、尊重的需要、求知的需要、审美的需要和自我实现的需要。( )A.正确B.错误

[单选题]适当增加"小干部"岗位，适当进行"小干部"轮换，按民主程序选择班级干部的做法，目的是( )。

把班集体作为学生自我教育的主体

解析：班级民主管理是指班级成员在服从班集体的正确决定和承担责任的前提下，参与班级管理的一种管理方式。实质上就是发挥每一个学生的主人翁精神，让每个学生都成为班级的主人。

[单选题]Passage 2 　　Teacher education provided by U. S.colleges and universities has been routinely criticized since its inception in the earlynineteenth century, sometimes deservedly.These programs, like non-university programs,are uneven in quality and can be improved.What makes today's criticisms different is an aggressive effort by advocacy groups, andself-proclaimed educational entrepreneurs to deregulate the preparation of teachers, and to expand independent, alternative routes intoteaching. 　　This effort to “disrupt” the field of teacherpreparation in the United States has gained considerable momentum and legitimacy,with venture capitalists, philanthropy, and theU. S Department of Education all providingsponsorship and substantial funding. 　　The strength of this effort is that the UnitedStates may quickly seek to dismantle itsuniversity system and replace much of it withindependent, private programs. The resultingsystem of teacher preparation may differ dramatically in its governance, structure,content, and processes moving away fromits current location alongside legal, medical,and other professional preparation thatpairs academic degrees with professionaltraining. 　　Throughout the nation, states are reportingteacher shortages in particular subject areas and geographical locations, and several stateshave either passed legislation to lower thestandards for becoming a teacher or, like thestate of Washington, have looked towards expanding the number of teacher educationproviders to try to fill teaching vacancies.The federal government has contributed tothe push to lower standards for becoming a teacher with the Teacher Preparation Academy provision in the new K-12 educationlaw, the Every Students Succeeds Act, which encourages states to expand the number ofindependent programs not associated with colleges and universities. 　　Because of the increasing tuition rates, a consequence in part, of cuts in funding topublic universities that continue to educatemost U. S. teachers, enrollments in college and university teacher education programshave declined in many parts of the country.Independent teacher education programs are being viewed by some as an importantpart of the solution in staffing the nation's classrooms and addressing our serious and enduring problems in education inequities.Additionally, advocacy groups, philanthropists,and so-called education entrepreneurs are working aggressively to expandthese independent alternative routes into teaching. 　　Given the seriousness of the teachershortage problem in the United States andthe substantial media attention that has been given to independent teacher educationprograms as the solution to teacher shortages and education inequities, policy makersshould very carefully examine the evidencethat exists about the nature and impact ofthese relatively new programs that are rapidly expanding while university teacher education enrollments decline.

What measures have been taken by somestates to deal with their teacher shortages?

To expand non-university teacher education programs

解析：根据第四段中的”several stateshave eitherpassedlegislationtolowerthe standardsforbecoming a teacher"知，几个州为了应付教师短缺局面通过了降低教师标准的立法.A项“增加合格教师的数量与原文不符。根据第五段中的Because of the increasing tuition rates,a consequence in part, ofcuts in funding to publicuniversities that contin He to educate most U.S.teachers, enrollments in college and universityteacher education programs have declined inmany parts of the country知，由于学费的堵加，对高等师范教育的资金投入缩减了.B项“提高对师范教育项目的资金投入与原文不符。根据第四段末尾”. encouragessmtes to expand the numberof independent programs not associatedwith colleges and universities.“及第五段中的”Independent teacher education programs are being viewed by some as an important part ofthe solution in staffing the nation'S classrooms可知，一些州发展私立师范教育项目，C项”发展非高等师范教育项目“正确.D项”为师范教育项目设立底线”，文中未提及。故选择C。