正确答案: B

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学习资料的答案和解析：

[单选题]All of the following might have contributed to globalization except__________．

阅读材料，回答下面的题目。The Diminishing Scientific Leadership of the U, S.With the rapid globalization of science itself ( more than 40 percent of scientific Ph.D. students trained in the United States are now foreign nationals, roughly half of whom return to their countries of origin ) , the once undisputed U.S.scientific lead, whether relevant to product lead or not, is diminishing. The competition of foreign students for positions in U.S.graduate schools has also contributed to making scientific training relatively unattractive to U.S.students, because the rapidly increasing supply of students has diminished the relative rewards of this career path. For the best and brightest from low-income countries, a position as a research assistant in the United States is attractive, whereas the best and brightest U.S.students might now see better options in other fields. Science and engineering careers, to the extent that they are opening up to foreign competition ( whether imported or available through better communication ) , also seem to be becoming relatively less attractive to U.S. students. With respect to the role of universities in the innovation process the speculative boom of the 1990s( which, among other things, made it possible to convert scientific findings into cash rather quickly ) was largely unexpected.The boom brought universities and their faculties into much closer contact with private markets as they tried to gain as much of the economic dividends from their discoveries as possible. For a while,the path between discoveries in basic science and new flows of hard cash was considerably shortened. But during the next few decades, this path will likely revert toward its more traditional length and reestablish in a healthy way, the more traditional ( and more independent ) relationship between the basic research done at universities and those entities that translate ideas into products and services.In the intervening years, another new force also greatly facilitated globalization: the rapid growth of the Internet and cheap wide-bandwidth international communication. Today, complex design activities can take place in locations quite removed from manufacturing, other business functions and the consumer. Indeed, there is now ample opportunity for real-time communication between business functions that are quite independent of their specific locations. For example, software are development, with all its changes and complications, can to a considerable extent be done overseas for a U.S.customer.Foreign call centers can respond instantly to questions from thousands of miles away.The result is that low-wage workers in the Far East and in some other countries are coming into even more direct competition with a much wider spectrum of U.S. labor: unskilled in the case of call centers; more highly skilled in the case of programmers.

the closer contact of universities with private markets

解析：【答案】B【解析】第四段第一句说“…another new force also greatly facilitated globalization…”A，C，D选项都是该段提到的“another new force”的具体实例，只有B项未曾提到。

[单选题]

回答下面的题目:The American FamilyIn the American family the husband and wife usually share important decision making. When the children are old enough, they take part_________(51). Foreigners are often surprised by the permissiveness of American parents. The old rule that "children should be seen and not heard" is rarely_________(52), and children are often allowed to do what they wish without strict parental_________(53). The father seldom expects his children to obey him_________(54) question, and children are encouraged to be independent_________(55) an early age. Some people believe that American parents carry this freedom_________(56) far. Others think that a strong father image would not_________(57) the American values of equality and independence. Because Americans emphasize the importance of independence, young people are expected to break_________(58) their parental families by the time they have_________(59) their late teens or early twenties. (60), not to do so is often regarded as a failure, a kind of weak dependence.This pattern of independence often results in serious_________(61) for the aging parents of a small family. The average American is expected to live(62) the age of 70. The job-retirement age is _________(63) 65. The children have left home, married, and_________(64) their own households. At least 20 percent of all people over 65 do not have enough retirement incomes. _________(65) the major problem of many elderly couples is not economic. They feel useless and lonely with neither an occupation nor a close family group.

But

[单选题]She has proved that she can be railed on in a crisis.

depended on

[单选题]

回答下面的题目：Do you ever wish you were moreoptimistic，someone who always(51) __________ to be successful?Having someone around whoalways(52) __________the worst isn’t really a lot of(53) __________．We all know someone who sees a single cloud on asunny day and says，“It looks(54)rain．”But if you catch yourself thinkingsuch things，it’s important to dosomething(5 5) __________it．You can change your view of life，(56) __________to psychologists．It only takes a little effort，and you’llfind life more rewarding as a(57) __________．Optimism，they say，is partly about self—respectedconfidence but it’s also a more positive way of looking at life and all it hasto(58) __________．Optimists are more(59) __________tostart new projects and are generally more prepared to take risks．Upbringing is obviously veryimportant in forming your(60) __________to the world．Some people are brought up to(61) __________toomuch on others and grow up forever blaming other people when anything(62) __________wrong．Most optimists，on the(63) __________hand，have been brought up not to(64) __________failure as the end of theworld-they just(65) __________with their lives．

offer

解析：本句意为：乐观是一种看待生活更积极的方式以及由此所带给你的一切益处。从字面上看，supply有“提供”的意思，但做动词时一般接with，表示提供物料，一般指具体的实物，而offer指“提出，提供，呈现”，表示向别人提供可接受也可拒绝的某物，用法更为广泛，可用来指抽象的东西；所以此处选C。

[单选题]These programs are of immense value to old people.

enormous

解析：【题干】这个项目对老年人们有巨大的价值。 【解析】考查形容词。题干划线词immense意为“巨大的”，所以正确答案为D。

[单选题]It can be inferred from Paragraph 5 that DNA fingerprinting _________．

根据下列材料，回答下面的题目DNA Fingerprinting 　　DNA is the genetic material found within the cell nucleus of all living things．In mammals the strands of DNA are grouped into structures called chromosomes．With the exception of identical siblings(as in identical twins)，the complete DNA of each individual is unique．  　　DNA fingerprinting is sometimes called DNA typing．It is a method of identification that compares bits of DNA．A DAN fingerprint is constructed by first drawing out a DNA sample from body tissue or fluid such as hair，blood，or saliva．The sample is then segmented using enzymes，and the segments are arranged by size．The segments are marked with probes and exposed on X—ray film，where they form a pattern of black bars—the DNA fingerprint．If the DNA fingerprints produced from two different samples match，the two samples probably came from the same person．  　　DNA fingerprinting was first developed as all identification technique in 1985．Originally used to detect the presence of genetic diseases，it soon came to be used in criminal investigations and legal affairs．The first criminal conviction based on DNA evidence in the United States occurred in l988．In criminal investigations，DNA fingerprints derived from evidence collected at the crime scene are compared to the DNA fingerprints of suspects．Generally，coups have accepted the reliability of DNA testing and admitted DNA test results into evidence．However，DNA fingerprinting is controversial in a number of areas：the accuracy of the results，the cost oftestin9，and the possible misuse of the technique．  　　The accuracy of DNA fingerprinting has been challenged for several reasons．First，because DNA segments rather than complete DNA strands are “fingerprinted”；a DNA fingerprint may not be unique；large—scale research to confirm the uniqueness of DNA fingerprinting test results has not been conducted．In addition，DNA fingerprinting is often done in private laboratories that may not follow uniform testing standards and quality controls．Also，since human beings must interpret the test，human error could lead to false results．  　　DNA fingerprinting is expensive．Suspects who are unable to provide their own DNA to experts may not be able to successfully defend themselves against charges based on DNA evidence．  　　Widespread use of DNA testing for identification purposes may lead to the establishment of a DNA fingerprint database． If two sisters are identical twins．their complete DNAs are _________．

is costly to the police

解析：从第五段可以推断出DNA指纹_________A．对警察来说成本昂贵 B．可能是一个社会争议的问题C．是证明清白的唯一方式 D．是个获利的行业 【解 析】推断题。第五段首句就提到DNA指纹颇为昂贵，接着又举例论证这种昂贵情况带来的某种后果，故A是正确答案。