正确答案: C

The phrase was borrowed from the world of debutante balls.

题目：Passage 1 NBA centre Jason Collins recently announced he was gay in a cover story for Sports Illustraied. In other words, he "came out of the closet." This expression for revealing one's homosexuality may seem natural. Being in the closet implies hiding from the outside world, and the act of coming out of it implies the will to stop hiding. But though the closet has long been a metaphor for privacy or secrecy, its use with reference to homosexuality is relatively recent. According to George Chauncey's comprehensive history of modern gay culture, Gay New York, the closet metaphor was not used by gay people until the 1960s. Before then, it doesn't appear anywhere "in the records of the gay movement or in the novels, diaries, or letters of gay men and lesbians." "Coming out," however, has long been used in the gay community, but it first meant something different than it does now. "A gay man's coming out originally referred to his being formally presented to the largest collective manifestation of prewar gay society, the enormous dra~; balls that were patterned on the debutante and masquerade balls of the dominant culture and were regularly held in New York, Chicago, New Orleans, Baltimore, and other cities." The phrase "coming out" did not refer to coming out of hiding, but to joining into a society of peers. The phrase was borrowed from the world of debutante balls, where young women "came out" in being officially introduced to society. The gay debutante balls were a matter of public record and often covered in the newspaper, so "coming out" within gay society often meant revealing your sexual orientation in the wider society as well, but the phrase didn't necessarily carry the implication that if you hadn't yet come out, you were keeping it a secret. There were other metaphors for the act of hiding or revealing homosexuality. Gay people could "wear a mask" or "take off the mask". A man could "wear his hair up" or "let his hair down", or "drop hairpins" that would only be recognized by other gay men. It is unclear exactly when gay people start.ed using the closet metaphor, but "it may have been used initially because many men who remained 'covert' thought of their homosexuality as a sort of 'skeleton in the closet'." It may also have come from outsiders who viewed it that way. It seems that "coming out of the closet" was born as a mixture of two metaphors: a debutante proudly stepping into the arms of a community and a shocking secret being kept in hiding. Now the community is the wider community, and the secret is no longer shocking. "Coming out" is a useful phrase, but it need not imply a closet.

解析：A项意为"柜'一直是同性恋的隐喻"，这与第二段"…the closet metaphor was not used by gay people until the 1960s."相矛盾，因此错误；B选项意为…出柜'最初的意思是公开同性恋"，这与第三段"A gay man's coming out originally referred to his being formally presented to the largest collective manifestation of prewar gay society"不相符；C选项意为"'出柜'一词是从上流女子舞会里借用过来的"，与第三段"The phrase was borrowed from the world of debutante balls"相符合，故正确；D项与第三段"The phrase'commg out' did not refer to coming out of hiding"意思相反。因此选择C。

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学习资料的答案和解析：

[多选题]学校文化的功能包括( )。

导向功能

凝聚功能

规范功能

解析：校园文化具有导向功能、凝聚功能、规范功能，具有互动性、渗透性、传承性。

[单选题]( )是整个教学工作的中心环节，是提高教学质量的关键。

课堂教学

解析：班级授课制又称课堂教学，是一种集体教学形式。是把一定数量的学生按年龄和知识程度编成固定的班级，根据周课表和作息时间表，安排教师有计划地向全班学生集体授课的一种教学组织形式。具有"班"、"课"、"时"的特点。故选择C。

[单选题]"并非一切糕点都是甜味的"。这句话的意思是( )。

至少有一种糕点不是甜的

解析：此题考查的是直言命题的推理，"并非所有是"等值于"有些非"，又因为"有些"等同于"至少有一个"，故选择A项。

[单选题]"素质教育要着眼于培养学生自我学习、自我教育、自我发展的知识与能力，真正把对学生教育的重心转移到启迪心智、孕育潜力、增强后劲上来。"这句话主要强调了素质教育的( )特点。

发展性

解析：素质教育具有全体性、全面性、基础性、主体性、发展性和未来性。发展性是指要着眼于培养学生自我学习、自我教育、自我发展的知识与能力，真正把学生的重心转移到启迪心智、孕育潜力、增强后劲上来。

[单选题]德国教育家( )试图根据心理学来阐述教学过程，提出了明了、联想、系统、方法四个阶段，揭示了课堂教学的某些规律。

赫尔巴特

解析：赫尔巴特提出"四阶段教学"理论一一清楚、联想、系统和方法：由他的学生齐勒修改为预备、提示、比较、总括、应用五段，称"五段教学法"。故选择A。赫尔巴特是现代教育之父，也是传统教育之父。赫尔巴特其它考点：作品《普通教育学》，标志着教育学科学化和规范化。提出三中心论一一教师中心、教材中心、课堂中心：将伦理学和心理学作为教育学的理论基础：提出教育性教学原则一一德育与教学相结合；教育目的一一社会本位论，培养良好社会公民。B项，塞涅卡古罗马思想家，政治家，代表作品《道德书简》。C项，卢梭，法国启蒙思想家，教育家。代表作品《爱弥儿》。提倡自然主义教育思想，认为教育的任务应该使儿童"归于自然"一一自然主义教育：教育目的上强调个人本位。D项，亚里士多德，古希腊百科全书式的哲学家。提倡追求理性就是追求美德，这是教育的最高目的；注意儿童心理发展的自然特点，主张按照儿童心理发展的规律对儿童进行分阶段教育，提倡对学生进行和谐全面发展的教育。在历史上首次提出了"教育遵循自然"的原则。

[单选题]The best form of activity when the students are given the task to design a poster for a school event is ________.

group work

解析：考查课堂活动组织形式。设计校园活动的海报这个任务比较综合，对于学生个人而言有一定难度，因此，最好的组织形式是小组活动(group work)。

[单选题]小刘为了得到老师和父母的奖励而努力学习，他的学习动机是( )。

外部动机

解析：本题考查的是动机的分类。外部动机是人们由于外部诱因所引起的动机。如物质奖励、荣誉地位等。小刘为了奖励而学习，是由于外部诱因所引起的动机，所以是外在动机。故选择C。A选项，高尚动机属于间接性的远景动机，核心是利他主义，如学生把当前的学习同国家和社会的利益联系在一起。B选项，内部动机，也称认知内驱力，是一种要求了解和理解周围事物的需要，要求掌握知识的需要，以及系统的阐述问题和解决问题的需要，在学习活动中，内部动机指向学习任务本身（为了获得知识），是一种重要的和稳定的动机。由于需要的满足（知识的获得）是由学习本身提供的。D选项，低级动机，核心是利己的、自我中心的，学习的动机只来源于自己眼前的利益。

[单选题]德育可以使个体实现某种需要、愿望，从中体验到满足、快乐、幸福，获得一种精神上的享受。这体现了德育的( )功能。

享用性

解析：道德可以使个体实现某种精神上的需要，感到做奉献是一种人生幸福，是个体人生价值的提升，从中体验到满足、快乐，获得精神上的享受，是德育功能的最高境界和本质体现。