正确答案: D

私拆学生信件

题目：依据育人为本的理念，教师的下列做法中，不正确的是( )。

解析：以人为本的学生观强调，学生是独立意义的人，要尊重学生的人格、兴趣、权利。"私拆学生信件"侵犯了学生的隐私权，违背了以人为本的教育理念。故选择D。

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学习资料的答案和解析：

[单选题]教育者和受教育者共同客体是( )。

教育内容

解析：教育内容是教育者和受教育者共同的客体。客体与主体的概念是相对的。例如，教育者的作用对象是受教育者,这时受教育者就是客体；而受教育者在学习的过程中，其作用对象是学习内容，这时受教育者就变成了主体，学习内容就成了客体。故选择D。A项，教育目的是教育的核心问题，是国家对培养人的总的要求，它规定着人才的质量和规格，对教育工作具有全程性的指导作用。教育目的是整个教育工作的方向，是一切教育工作的出发点。教育目的的实现也是教育活动的归宿。B项，教育方法是指在一定的教育思想指导下形成的实现其教育思想的策略性途径。包括教师直接指向教育内容的教学方法、学生学习方法指导及学前教育和家庭教育的方法。C项，教育手段包括黑板、粉笔、多媒体、教师的语言等等。

[单选题]班级的授课制的特征可以用以下几个字来概括( )。

班、课、时

解析：班级授课制基本特点包括以班为单位集体授课，学生人数固定；按课教学，"课"是教学活动的基本单元，一般分为单一课和综合课；按时授课，把每一"课"规定在固定的单位时间内进行，这个单位时间称为"课时"，课与课之间有一定的间歇和休息。班级授课制用三个字简单概括"班""课""时"。故选择D。

[单选题]"师者，人之模范"，所反映出的教师劳动特点是( )。

示范性

解析：示范性是指示范性指教师的言行举止，要为人师表，行为世范。"师者，人之模范"正体现这一劳动特点，故选择D。

[单选题] Many years ago, I came across a book by Anthony de Mello called Awareness.De Mello was an Indian Jesuit priest whose writing was condemned by the Roman Catholic Church.To me, he is a great source of inspiration, and he has much to say about happiness and pain.Life is easy; life is delightful.It′s only hard on your illusions, your ambitions, your greed, and your cravings. One of De Mello′s key messages is that, by nature, life is not a struggle.Attachment- greed, craving, ambition-is the cause of all misery, and so to be detached is to be happy.Does this mean we should have no preferences?Should we not want to achieve more?Should we not desire and seek out the good things in life?I think it would be absurd to say that we should have no preference between different experiences and conditions, but a distinction needs to be made between preference and attachment.We are surrounded by contrast, and one can choose-and enjoy-different experiences, without being attached to them.To enjoy someone′s company without being clingy, to feel great pleasure when watching the sunset on a cool summer evening without mourning the coming of the night-we can have preferences and make choices about what we experience without craving them.We are free to choose-and to prefer-some conditions over others.But when our preferences become cravings, then life becomes a struggle to achieve these conditions, and once we have achieved them, we start to worry about losing them. An analogy might be going for a long walk in the country-there will be various different scenes, and each one can be enjoyed.Perhaps you have some preference for a certain view or a particular spot on the walk, and you might linger in one place for a while, but all of the different parts of the walk can be enjoyed along the way. Happiness, it seems, is to accept the world as it is, enjoying the journey as we pass through and being appreciative of each stage on the way.If it is peace you want,seek to change yourself, not other people.It is easier to protect your feet with slippers than to carpet the whole of the earth. Trying to change the world in a forceful way is a foolish endeavor.Changing yourself may, in time, change things around you, but to"take on" the world will probably not achieve much.Force may result in change, but it will be temporary and easily reversed.Real change is the result of quiet, patient working with the natural flow of things, just as water can cut a deep valley in a landscape. Lao Tze, the semi-mythical Taoist sage, is said to have written in the Tao Te Ching, "By letting it go it all gets done.The world is won by those who let it go.But when you try and try, the world is beyond the winning."

The reason why the Roman Catholic Church condemned the book is that itis a source of ________.

inspiration

解析：1.由文章第二段第二句话"Attachment-greed，craving，ambition-is the cause of all misery，and so to be detached is to be happy."可知"the attachment"是幸福的杀手。 2.由文章倒数第二段最后一句话"…just as water can cut a deep valley in a landscape."可知，作者欣赏的是静水流深的特性。A项是"静水流深"，B项是"滴水穿石"，C项是"有志者，事竟成"，D项是"水至清则无鱼"，故选A。 3.由文章第一段"To me，he is a great source of inspiration"可知，受到谴责是因为他的书给人灵感，而这正是当时宗教所不容许的。故答案选A。 4.文章最后一句引用了老子的《道德经》中的话：只有放手才能赢得世界，获得幸福；不断尝试是无用的。可知，幸福来源于对自身的满足。故答案选B。 5.老子的这句话是来支持作者观点的，作者围绕着"幸福"来展开叙述，并介绍获得幸福的方法。故答案选C。

[单选题]请阅读 Passage 2,完成1~5小题。 　　Passage 2 　　IF YOU want something done,the saying goes,give it to a busy person.It is an odd way to guarantee hitting deadlines.But a paper recently published in the Journal of Consumer Research suggests it may,in fact,be true-as long as the busy person conceptualises the deadline in the right way. 　　Yanping Tu of the University of Chicago and Dilip Soman of the University of Toronto 　　examined how individuals go about both thinking about and completing tasks.Previous studies have shown that such activity progresses through four distinct phases: pre-decision,post-decision (but pre-action),action and review.It is thought that what motivates the shift from the decision-making stages to the doing-something stage is a change in mindset. 　　Human beings are a deliberative sort,weighing the pros and cons of future actions and remaining open to other ideas and influences.However,once a decision is taken,the mind becomes more "implemental" and focuses on the task at hand."The mindset towards 'where can I get a sandwich'," explains Ms Tu,"is more implemental than the mindset towards 'should I get a sandwich or not?'" 　　Ms Tu and Dr Soman advise in their paper that "the key step in getting things done is to get started." But what drives that? They believe the key that unlocks the implemental mode lies in how people categorise time.They suggest that tasks are more likely to be viewed with an implemental mindset if an imposed deadline is cognitively linked to "now" -a so-called like-the-present scenario.That might be a future date within the same month or calendar year,or pegged to an event with a familiar spot in the mind's timeline (being given a task at Christmas,say,with a deadline of Easter).Conversely,they suggest,a deadline placed outside such mental constructs (being "unlike-the-present" ) exists merely as a circle on a calendar,and as such is more likely to be considered deliberatively and then ignored until the last minute. 　　To flesh out this ideA.the pair carried out five sets of tests,with volunteers ranging from farmers in India to undergraduate students in Toronto.In one test,the farmers were offered a financial incentive to open a bank account and make a deposit within six months.The researchers predicted those approached in June would consider a deadline before December 31st as like-the-present.Those approached in July,by contrast,received a deadline into the next year,and were expected to think of their deadline as unlike-the-present.The distinction worked.Those with a deadline in the same year were nearly four times more likely to open the account immediately as those for whom the deadline lay in the following year.Arbitrary though calendars may be in parsing up the continuous fiow of time,humans parse their concept of time in line with them. 　　The effect can manifest itselfin even subtler ways.In another set of experiments,undergraduate students were given a calendar on a Wednesday and were asked to suggest an appropriate day to carry out certain tasks before the following Sunday.The trick was that some were given a calendar with all of the weekdays coloured purple,with weekends in beige (making a visual distinction between a Wednesday and the following Sunday).Others were given a calendar in which every other week,Monday to Sunday,was a solid colour (meaning that a Wednesday and the following Sunday were thus in the same week,and in the same colour).Even this minor visual cue affected how like-or unlike-the-present the respondents tended to view task priorities. 　　These and other bits of framing and trickery in the research support the same thesis: that making people link a future event to today triggers an implemental response,regardless of how far in the future the deadline actually lies.If the journey of l,000 miles starts with a single step,the authors might suggest that you take that step before this time next week.

Which best describes the author's tone?

Objective.

解析：态度题。humanistic“人文主义的”，objective“客观的”，speculative“推理的，思考的”，recriminatory“互相指责的，反控诉的”。全文作者以客观的态度阐述观点，故本题选B。