正确答案: D

法国大革命

题目：德拉克罗瓦的代表作品《自由引导人民》，创作这幅画的历史背景是( )。

解析：《自由引导人民》是一幅由法国画家欧仁·德拉克罗瓦为纪念1830年法国七月革命而创作的油画作品。1830年7月巴黎人民发动七月革命，建立了以路易·菲利浦为首的七月王朝，至此法国大革命才彻底结束。故选择D。

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学习资料的答案和解析：

[单选题]下列选项中，不属于鲁迅作品人物形象的是( )。

呜凤

解析：呜凤出自巴金的《家》。不是鲁迅作品中的人物，故选择A。B选项，涓生是鲁迅小说《伤逝》中的悲剧主人公。C选项，祥林嫂是鲁迅小说《祝福》中的人物D选项，孔乙己是鲁迅小说《孔乙己》的主人公。

[多选题]班级授课制的主要特征体现在( )。

学生固定

教师固定

场所固定

时间固定

解析：班级授课制的主要特征是：学生固定、内容固定、教师固定、时间和场所固定。

[单选题]在学习中利用列提纲等方式抽取学习内容的要义，建构所学内容的组织与结构，这种学习策略属于( )。

组织策略

解析：组织策略主要包括列提纲、图形和表格，以及归类和概括。归类即通过对零散、个别的项目、单元进行分类与排列，可以加强知识之间的相互联系，有助于形成简明有序的结构，使学习者易于理解与记忆。故选择B。A选项，精细加工策略指记忆术（如位置记忆法、缩减与编歌诀、谐音联想法、关键词法、视觉联想），做笔记，提问，生成性学习，利用背景知识，联系实际等。C选项，元认知策略是一种典型的学习策略，指学生对自己的认知过程及结果的有效监视及控制的策略。元认知策略控制着信息的流程，监控和指导认知过程的进行，包括计划策略、监控策略（注意策略）和调节策略。D选项，阅读理解是学生从书面语言中获取信息，进行编码加工，获得知识意义的过程。

[单选题]在情绪ABC理论中，C代表( )。

结果

解析：在情绪ABC理论中，A是指诱发性事件，即个体遇到的主要事实、行为、事件。B是指个体对A的信念、观点，即个体在遇到诱发事件之后相应而生的信念。C是指事件造成的情绪结果，即在特定情景下，个体的情绪及行为的结果。故选择C。

[单选题] Plants and animals that have been studied carefully seem to have built-in clocks.These biological clocks, as they are called, usually are not quite exact in measuring time.However, they work pretty well because they are "reset" each day, when the sun comes up. Do pigeons use their biological clocks to help them find directions from the sun?We can keep pigeons in a room lit only by lamps.And we can program the lighting to produce artificial "days", different from the day outside.After a while we have shifted their clocks.Now we take them far away from home and let them go on a sunny day.Most of them start out as if they know just which way to go, but choose a wrong direction.They have picked a direction that would be correct for the position of the sun and the time of day according to their shifted clocks. It is known and experimented that homing pigeons can tell directions by the sun.But what happens when the sky is darkly overcast by clouds and no one can see where the sun is?Then the pigeons still find their way home.The same experiment has been repeated many times on sunny days and the result was always the same.But on very overcast days clock-shifted pigeons are just as good as normal pigeons in starting out in the right directions.So it seems that pigeons also have some extra sense of direction to use when they cannot see the sun. Naturally, people have wondered whether pigeons might have a built-in compass-something that would tell them about the directions of the earth′s magnetic field.One way to test that idea would be to see if a pigeon′s sense of direction can be fooled by a magnet attached to its back. With a strong magnet close by, a compass can no longer tell direction. To test the idea, a group of ten pigeons had strong little magnet bars attached to their backs. Another group carried brass bars instead which were not magnetic.In a number of experiments, both groups were taken away from home and let go.On sunny days none of the magnet-pigeons was fooled.They were just as good as the brass-pigeons in starting out in the right direction toward home.On cloudy, overcast days, however, with no sun the brass-pigeons chose the right direction, but the magnet-pigeons were in trouble.They later started out in different directions and acted completely lost.

What can be inferred from the passage about biological clocks?

Pigeons′biological clocks are regulated every day with the sunrise.

解析：1.根据第一段中的"However，they work pretty well because they are"reset"each day，when the sun comes up."与第二段的实验可推知B项正确。 2.根据第二段中"And we can program the lighting to produce artificial"days"，different from the day outside.After a while we have shifted their clocks."可以得知D项正确。 3.根据文中研究太阳和地球磁场对鸽子生物钟影响的实验可知，二者都能帮助鸽子辨别方向。因此C项正确。 4.文章中以"Do pigeons use their biological clocks to help them find directions from the sun?"提出问题，然后通过实验来解答问题。即采用了提出问题一解答问题的模式，因此A项正确。 5.根据文章尾段的最后一个实验可知，在晴天的时候，两组鸽子都能准确辨别方向，因此鸽子在晴天是根据太阳辨别方向，跟磁场无关；在阴天时，背上无磁性铜棒的鸽子才能正确辨别方向，背上有磁棒的鸽子则不能，因此在阴天鸽子根据磁场辨别方向。综上可知，作者意在说明鸽子在不同的天气用不同的方法辨别方向。因此B项正确。

[单选题] Looking for a new weight loss plan? Try living on top of a mountain. Mountain air contains less oxygen than air at lower altitudes, so breathing it causes the heart to beat faster and the body to bum more energy. A handful of studies have found that athletes training at high altitudes tend to lose weight. Doctor Florian Lippl of the University Hospital of Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich wondered how the mountain air would affect overweight individuals if they weren't doing any more physical activity than usual. Lippl and his colleagues invited 200verweight men to an environmental research station about 300 meters below the summit of Zugspitze, a mountain around 2,970 meters near the Austrian border. They were allowed to eat as much as they liked. The men also gave blood so that researchers could test for hormones(荷尔蒙) linked to appetite and fatness. At the end of the week, the men, whose mean weight starting out was 105 kg, had lost on average about 1.5 kg. The men's blood pressure also dropped, which the researchers attributed to weight lost. Exactly what caused the weight loss is uncertain. Loss of appetite is common at higher altitudes, and indeed the men ate significantly less than usual-about 700 calories fewer per day. Lippl also notes that because their consumption was being recorded, they may have been more self-conscious about what they ate. Regardless, eating less accounts for just 1 kg of the 1.5 kg lost, says Lippl. He thinks the increased metabolic rate, which was measured, also contributed to weight loss but cannot separate the different effects with the given data. Appetite loss at high altitudes could certainly be key, notes Damian Bailey, a physiologist at the University of Glamorgan, UK, who recently lost 11 kg during a 3-month expedition to the Andes in Chile. Unfortunately, for the average person there's no treatment that can resemble living at high altitude, says Lippl. The only alternative is a hypobaric chamber, which exposes subjects to low oxygen and isn't practical as a therapy. He says, half-jokingly,"if fat people plan their holidays, they might not go to the sea, but maybe to the mountains."

What contributes the most to one's heart rates, according to the first paragraph?

The amount of oxygen provided.

解析：1.细节题。文章第一段第三句指出“Mountain air contains less oxygen than air at lower altitudes，so breathing it causes the heart to beat faster and the body to burn more energy.”即山上空气所含的氧气少于低海拔地区，所以呼吸时心脏跳动更快，身体也消耗更多的能量。由此可知心率与氧气含量多少有关。故选D。 2.细节题。根据文章第二段中“…researchers could test for hormones linked to appetite and fatness”可知hormones会影响食欲和肥胖，即体重。故选A。 3.细节题。第三段第二句指出“…the men ate significantly less than usual-about 700 calories fewer per day”由此可知，选项B正确。 4.细节题。根据文章第四段可知，Damian Bailey认同高海拔地区能影响人的食欲，从而影响体重．因为他在安第斯山脉考察的3个月里瘦了11公斤。故选D。 5.推断题。根据短文最后一句“He says，half-jokingly，if fat people…”中half-jokingly (半开玩笑地)可推断出Lippl在谈到通过去高原地区度假这种方式来减肥是随意的，开玩笑的。故选A。

[多选题]举例说明词汇意义的呈现和讲解的方法。

[单选题]Mr.Joe has worked very hard in the past two years and has paid all his debts_______the last penny.

to

解析：本题考查介词。句意为“乔先生在过去两年里非常努力地工作，他还清了全部债务，分文不欠”。by表示通过某种方式；until表示“直到……”，一般用于时间；with表示“用……工作，随着”；to表示“直到”，用在句子里强调直到还清最后一分钱，即偿清债务。故本题选B。