正确答案: D

Because they can somehow control their sound production.

题目：请阅读Passage 2，完成1~5小题。 　　Passage 2 　　Several research teams have found that newborns prefer their mothers' voices over those of other people.Now a team of scientists has gone an intriguing step further: they have found that newborns cry in their native language."We have provided evidence that language begins with the very first cry melodies," says Kathleen Wermke of the University of Wurzburg,Germany,who led the research. 　　"The dramatic finding of this study is that not only are newborns capable of producing different cry melodies,but they prefer to produce those melody patterns that are typical for the <u> ambient </u> language they have heard during their fetal life,within the last trimester," said Wermke."Contrary to orthodox interpretations,these data support the importance of human infants' crying for seeding language development." 　　It had been thought that babies' cries are constrained by their breathing patterns and respiratory apparatus,in which case a crying baby would sound like a crying baby no matter what the culture is,since babies are anatomically identical."The prevailing opinion used to be that newborns could not actively influence their production of sound." says Wermke.This study refutes that claim: since babies cry in different languages,they must have some control (presumably unconscious) over what they sound like rather than being constrained by the acoustical properties of their lungs,throat,mouth,and larynx.If respiration alone dictated what a cry sounded like,all babies would cry with a falling-pitch pattern,since that's what happens as you run out of breath and air pressure on the throat's sound-making machinery decreases.French babies apparently didn't get that memo."German and French infants produce different types of cries,even though they share the same physiology," the scientists point out."The French newborns produce 'nonphysiological' rising patterns," showing that the sound of their cries is under their control. 　　Although phonemes—speech sounds such as "ki" or "sh"—don't cross the abdominal barrier and reach the fetus,so-called prosodic characteristics of speech do.These are the variations in pitch,rhythm,and intensity that characterize each language.Just as newboms remember and prefer actual songs that they heard in utero,it seems,so they remember and prefer both the sound of Mom's voice and the melodic signature of her language. 　　The idea of the study wasn't to make the sound of a screaming baby more interesting to listeners-good luck with that-but to explore how babies acquire speech.That acquisition,it is now clear,begins months before birth,probably in the third trimester.Newborns "not only have memorized the main intonation pattems of their respective surrounding language but are also able to reproduce these pattems in their own　［sound］　production," conclude the scientists.Newborns' "cries are already tuned toward their native language" ,giving them a head start on sounding French or German (or,presumably,English or American or Chinese or anything else: the scientists are collecting cries from more languages).This is likely part of the explanation for how babies develop spoken language quickly and seemingly without effort.Sure,we may come into the world wired for language (thank you,Noam Chomsky),but we also benefit from the environmental exposure that tells us which language. 　　Until this study,scientists thought that babies became capable of vocal imitation no earlier than 12 weeks of age.That's when infants listening to an adult speaker producing vowels can parrot the sound.But that's the beginning of true speech.It's sort of amazing that it took this long for scientists to realize that if they want to see what sounds babies can perceive,remember,and play back,they should look at the sound babies produce best.So let the little angel cry: she's practicing to acquire language.

解析：推断题。根据原文第三段提到的“This study refutes that claim: since babies cry in different languages,they must have some control...showing that the sound of their cries is under their control.”可知，法国婴儿与德国婴儿虽然具有相同的生理结构，但他们可以发出不同类型的哭声，这是因为他们可以控制自己的发声。故本题选D。

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学习资料的答案和解析：

[单选题]沿着多方面多角度去探寻方法和途径解决问题的思维称为( )。

发散思维

解析：发散思维又称求异思维、辐射思维，是指人们解决问题时，思路向各种可能的方向扩散，从而求得多种答案。故选择C。A选项，分析思维是经过逐步分析后，对问题解决作出明确结论的思维。B选项，聚合思维是将各种信息聚合起来，得出一个正确答案或最好的解决方案的思维形式。"一题多解"显然符合发散思维的含义。

[单选题]班级授课制的特征可以用以下几个字概括( )。

班、课、时

解析：班级授课制是把学生按年龄和文化程度分成固定人数的班级，教师根据课程计划和规定的时间表进行教学的一种组织形式。它的特征是班、课、时。

[多选题]课堂互动( classroom interaction)是重要的教学活动形式。请列出课堂互动中人际互动的四种形式，简述其中两种形式的使用场景并分析其利弊。

解析：本题考查课堂互动类型。答题思路的点拨：课堂互动类型两种(1)教师与学生之间的活动；类型：教师与学生个体、教师与学生小组、教师与学生全体。(2)学生与学生之间的活动；类型：学生个体与个体、学生个体与小组、学生个体与学生全体、学生小组与小组、学生与小组群体。注意：学生与学生间的活动设计要形式多样，如同桌讨论、小组合作学习、小组调查、小组竞赛：生生互动还要有不同的课型。如听说课、阅读课。

[单选题]________ is the guarantee of improving learning efficiency and developing independent learning capability.

Learning strategy

解析：考查课程标准内容。在英语课程实施中，帮助学生有效地使用学习策略，不仅有利于他们把握学习的方向，采用科学的途径提高学习效率，而且还有助于他们形成自主学习的能力，为终身学习奠定基础。因此正确答案应该选A。

[单选题]根据科尔伯格的道德发展理论，当个体的道德观念是纯外在的，其道德价值来自对自己需要的满足，评定行为的好坏主要看是否符合自己的利益，可见该个体的道德发展处于( )。

前习俗水平的第二阶段

解析：根据科尔伯格的道德发展理论，处于前习俗水平阶段的儿童的道德观念特点是纯外在的。处在这一水平的儿童，在阶段一时期根据行为的后果来判断行为的好坏及严重程度，他们还没有真正的道德概念，服从权威或规则只是为了避免惩罚，认为受赞扬的行为就是好的，受惩罚的行为就是坏的。在阶段二时期道德价值来自对自己需要的满足，他们不再把规则看成是绝对的、固定不变的，评定行为的好坏主要看是否符合自己的利益。