正确答案: A

Kid's music taste.

题目：请阅读 Passage 2,完成1~5小题。 　　Passage 2 　　Taylor Swift,the seven-time Grammy winner,is known for her articulate lyrics,so there was nothing surprising about her writing a long column for The Wall Street Journal about the future of the music industry.Yet there's reason to doubt the optimism of what she had to say. 　　"This moment in music is so exciting because the creative avenues an artist can explore are limitless," Swift wrote."In this moment in musiC.stepping out of your comfort zone is rewardeD.and sonic evolution is not only accepted ...it is celebrated.The only real risk is being too afraid to take a risk at all." 　　That's hard to reconcile with Nielsen's mid-year U.S.music report,which showed a 15 percent year-on-year drop in album sales and a 13 percent decline in digital track sales.This could be the 2013 story all over again,in which streaming services cannibalize their growth from digital downloads,whose numbers dropped for the first time ever last year,except that even including streams,album sales are down 3.3 percent so far in 2014.Streaming has grown even more than it did last year,42 percent compared to 32 percent,but has failed to make up for a general loss of interest in music. 　　Consider this: in 2014 to date,Americans purchased 593.6 million digital tracks and heard 70.3 million video and audio streams for a sum total of 663.9 million.In the comparable period of 2013,the total came to 731.7 million. 　　Swift,one ofthe few artists able to pull off stadium tours,believes it's all about quality."People are still buying albums,but now they're buying just a few of them," she wrote."They are buying only the ones that hit them like an arrow through the heart." 　　In 2000,album sales peaked at 785 million.Last year,they were down to 415.3 million.Swift is right,but for many of the artists whose albums pierce hearts like arrows,it's too late.sales of vinyl albums have increased 40.4 percent so far this year,according to Nielsen,and the top-selling one was guitar hero Jack White's Lazaretto.The top 10 also includes records by the aging or deaD.such as the Beatles and Bob Marley & the Wailers.More modern entries are not exactly teen sensations,either: the Black Keys,Beck and the Arctic Monkeys.None of these artists is present on the digital sales charts,including or excluding streams.The top-selling album so far this year,by a huge margin,is the saccharine soundtrack to the Disney animated hit,"Frozen" . 　　When,like me,you're over 40 and you believe the music industry has been in decline since in 1993 (the year Nirvana released in Utero),it's easy to criticize the music taste of "the kids these days" ,a term even the 23-year old Swift uses.My fellow dinosaurs will understand if they compare 1993's top albums to Nielsen's 2014 list.But these kids don't just like to listen to different music than we do,they no longer find much worth hearing. 　　The way the music industry works now may have something to do with <u>that</u>.In the old 　　days,musicians showed their work to industry executives,the way most book authors still do to publishers (although that tradition,too,is eroding).The executives made mistakes and were credited with brilliant finds.Sometimes they followed the public taste,and sometimes they strove to shape it,taking big financial and career risks in the process.These days,according to Swift,it's all about the social networks."A friend of mine,who is an actress,told me that when the casting for her recent movie came down to two actresses,the casting director chose the actress with more Twitter followers," Swift wrote."In the future,artists will get record deals because they have fans-not the other way around." 　　The social networks are fickle and self-consciously sarcastic (see the recent potato salad phenomenon).They are not about arrow-through-the-heart sincerity.That's why YouTube made Psy a star,but it couldn't have been the medium for Beatle maniA.Justin Timberlake has 32.9 million Twitter followers,but he's no Jack White. 　　In the music industry's <u>heyday</u>,it produced a lot of schlock.But it got great music out to the masses,too.These days,it expects artists to do their own promotion and for those who less good at that than at making musiC.it may mean not getting heard.For fans it means less good music to stream and downloaD.Well,there's always the warm and fuzzy world of vinyl nostalgiA.I guess.

解析：指代题。根据第七段第一句“When，like me，you're over 40 and you believe the music industry has been in decline since in 1993 (the year Nirvana released in Utero),it's easy to criticize the music taste of 'the kids these days'，a term even the 23-year old Swift uses.”可知现在的音乐市场不景气，很容易被人认为是由于现在的孩子对音乐的喜好与作者那时代的人不一样。所以第八段中的“The way the music industry works now may have something to do with that”中的that指代的就是孩子的音乐喜好(kid's music taste)。

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学习资料的答案和解析：

[单选题]连续程式的强化在教新反应时最为有效。( )A.正确B.错误

解析：强化的程式是指反应在什么时候多或频繁地受到强化。每一种不同的程式都产生相应的反应模式。连续程式的强化在教新反应时最为有效。间隔式强化又称部分强化，它比起连续程式具有较高的反应率和较低的消退率。

[单选题]学生小明早已达到入学的适龄阶段，但由于父母因交通事故离世，现处于无人监护的状态，生活困难，根本无法完成义务教育。依据《中华人民共和国义务教育》，对于小明的受教育权利，具有保障责任的是( )。

当地人民政府

解析：《中华人民共和国义务教育法》第十三条规定：县级人民政府教育行政部门和乡镇人民政府组织和督促适龄儿童、少年入学，帮助解决适龄儿童、少年接受义务教育的困难，采取措施防止适龄儿童、少年辍学。故选择B。

[单选题]找规律填数字是一项很有趣的游戏，特别锻炼观察和思考能力，按照“1=4”“2=8”“3=24”的规律，下列选项中，应填入“4=（ ）。”空缺处的是（ ）。

96

解析：根据“1=4”“2=8”“3=24”的规律，可以得出4=24*4=96.故本题选B。

[单选题]教师在课堂上采用小组讨论的教学方法，重点是培养学生的( )。

交流、协作和表达的能力

解析：本题考查了小组讨论教学方法的意义。通过与小组其他成员的交流讨论，能够培养学生的沟通交流、协作和语言表达能力。而A、C、D项的能力不一定只能通过小组讨论才能培养。

[单选题]主张教育目的要根据社会需要来决定，认为个人只是教育加工培养的对象，教育的目标在于把受教育者培养成符合社会准则文化教育的公民观点的是( )。

社会本位论

解析：社会本位教育目的论的观点是从社会发展需要出发，注重教育的社会价值；主张教育的目的是培养合格公民和社会成员；教育是国家的事业；评价教育要看其对社会的发展贡献的指标。其代表人物有赫尔巴特、柏拉图、孔德、涂尔干、凯兴斯泰纳等。故选择B。A选项，个人本位教育目的论的观点是从个体本能需要出发，强调教育要服从人的成长规律和满足人的需要；注重教育对个人的价值；主张教育的目的是培养"自然人"，发展人的个性，增进人的价值，促使个人自我实现。其代表人物有卢梭、罗杰斯、福禄贝尔、裴斯泰洛齐等。C选项，形式教育形成于17世纪，代表人物主要有英国教育家洛克和瑞士教育家裴斯泰洛齐。形式教育论者认为，教学的主要任务在于通过开设希腊文、拉丁文、逻辑、文法和数学等学科发展学生的智力，至于学科内容的实用意义则是无关紧要的，形式教育以官能心理学为基础。D选项，实质教育是在18世纪末和19世纪初出现的，德国教育家赫尔巴特和英国教育家斯宾塞是其主要代表。实质教育论认为，教学的主要任务在于传授给学生对生活有用的知识，至于学生的智力则无须进行特别的培养和训练，实质教育以联想主义心理学为基础。

[单选题]Which of the following does not make a good English teacher?

Following strictly the lesson plan.

解析：本题考查教师专业素质。一名优秀的英语教师应该能够考虑学生的需求和水平差异，选择不同的教学方式和方法；教师课堂指令越简单、清晰，学生对指令的理解和对任务的执行就越好，这点对英语水平高或低的学生均适用；教师专业发展要求教师开展教学反思，优化教学方式，具备可持续发展的意识和能力，这是衡量教师是否优秀的关键因素。B、C.D三项均符合。教案是教师对一节课的“预设”，但学生作为活生生的个体使课堂教学呈现出丰富性、复杂性和多变性，教学不是完全根据教师的事先预设按部就班地进行，在这种情况下，教师不能死扣教案，而要根据学生的实际调整原先的教学计划和方法，充分发挥学生的主体性，促进课堂教学的动态生成。故本题选A。