正确答案: D

以表扬激励为主

题目：常言道："数子十过，莫如奖子长。"这句话启示我们，教育应该坚持( )。

解析：新课改背景下的牧师观强调，教师是学生发展的促进者。"数子十过，莫如奖子一长"这句话的意思是数落孩子十个错误，不如表扬、奖励孩子的一个长处、优点或进步的教育效果好。因此，在教育中，启示我们要以表扬激励为主，做学生发展的促进者。故选择D。

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学习资料的答案和解析：

[多选题]阅读下面的文字，按要求作文。 　　星云大师为弘扬佛法，发愿建一座佛光山寺。可过程却十分艰难，寺庙的周围荆棘丛生，难以选址修建不说，为了给弟子们化缘，他还常常需要长途跋涉。一日，天降大雨，山路湿滑，星云大师不小心摔下山谷。弟子们找到他时，看到他身上的累累伤痕，痛心不已。星云大师却微笑着说："我自幼出家做和尚，完全是自愿的。生活很艰辛，只要你不忘记最初为什么开始，就心甘情愿。不忘初心，就是力量。" 　　综合上述材料所引发的思考和感悟，写一篇不少于800字的论说文。 　　要求： 　　用规范的现代汉语写作；角度自选，立意自定，标题自拟。

[单选题]马克思认为造就全面发展的人的唯一方法是( )。

教育与生产劳动相结合

解析：马克思认为造就全面发展的人的唯一方法是教育与生产劳动相结合。故选择D。A项，理论联系实际原则是指教学要以学习基础知识为主导，从理论与实际的联系上去理解知识，注意运用知识去分析问题和解决问题，达到学懂学会、学以致用的目的。B项，因材施教，指教师的教育对象是干差万别的，教师必须灵活地针对每个学生的特点，对他们提出不同的要求，采用不同的教育教学方法，做到"一把钥匙开一把锁"，使每个学生都能够得到发展。C项，实现教育机会均等，指每个社会成员在自然、社会或文化方面的不利条件均可在教育中得到补偿。社会成员，不论其种族、民族、性别、宗教信仰、经济地位和政治地位等方面有何不同，都可享有同等的受教育机会。

[单选题]在教学过程中，采用各种形式使教育系统中各要素，各成分之间形成有机联系的课程形态是( )。

综合课程

解析：综合课程是一种多学科的课程组织模式，它强调学科之间的关联性、统一性和内在联系，其课程的主导价值在于通过相关学科的整合，促进学生认识的整体性发展并把握和解决问题的全面的视野与方法。综合课程主要有三种形式：(1)把有内在联系的学科内容融合在一起而形成的学科，叫做融合课程；(2)合并数门相邻学科的内容形成的综合课程，叫广域课程；(3)以问题为核心，将几门学科结合起来的课程，叫做核心课程。故选择B。A选项，校本课程的课程特点为学校在确保国家课程和地方课程有效实施的前提下，针对学生的兴趣和需要，结合学校的传统和优势及办学理念，充分利用学校和社区的课程资源，自主开发或选用的课程。主导价值在于通过课程展示学校的办学宗旨和特色。B选项，综合课程代表人物是怀特海，其课程特点为学科整合，主张把两门或两门以上学科的内容合并起来组成课程；强调学科之间的关联性与统一性；是基于各门学科内在联系编制而成的课程：是针对学科课程而言的。如自然课（生物、化学、物理、天文）；社会课（历史、地理、经济、政治）。D选项，必修课程的课程特点为培养和发展学生共性，为保证所有学生的基本学力而开设的，所有学生必须修习的课程。

[单选题]下列选项中，属于内部动机的是( )。

认知内驱力

解析：认知内驱力是一种要求了解和理解周围事物的需要，要求掌握知识的需要，以及系统的阐述问题和解决问题的需要。在学习活动中，认知内驱力指向学习任务本身（为了获得知识），是一种重要的和稳定的动机。由于需要的满足（知识的获得）是由学习本身提供的，因而也称为内部动机。

[单选题]下列学习策略中，不属于资源管理策略的是( )。

调节策略

解析：资源管理策略包括时间管理策略、努力管理策略、环境管理策略、资源利用策略。调节策略属于元认知策略。

[单选题]If a teacher tells the students that the word "dog" may imply "loyalty", he/she is teaching the _____ of the mood.

connotative meaning

解析：狗的意义暗示着忠诚，根据关键词imply暗示，隐含，为内涵。D选项为内涵。综上，故选择D。考点延伸：A项denotative meaning为外延，即概念意义。B项collocative meaning为搭配意义。C项conceptual meaning为概念意义。

[单选题]In order to enhance the ability of students' oral English, a teacher shows their students some movies in the class. This is a principle of ________.

combining listening and speaking

解析：考查口语教学原则。为了提高口语技能，首先要增加语言输入，积累素材。教师应引导学生看英文电影、听英语广播和歌曲等，在听的同时进行跟读或重复，将输入的材料转化为有效的输出。

[单选题] There are people who are especially attracted to the notion of "climbing the ladder" so as to increase their status, financial position, and sense of self-worth. In part, as a result of the work ethic, these people are internally "driven" to work. Not infrequently, foreign visitors have observed that Americans spend an inordinate(过度的) amount of time working and, as a consequence, Americans have little time for leisure or personal relationships. In American English a new word "workaholic" has been created to describe an individual who is as addicted to work as an alcoholic is to liquor. There are conflicting points of view about workaholics. Those concerned with problems of mental stress believe workaholics abuse themselves physically and mentally. Others hold that workaholics are valuable members of society because they are extremely productive. The Americans culture values achievement, efficiency, and production-a workaholic supports these values. Despite the presence of workaholics, there is a growing realization in the United States that excessive work demands can be physieally and mentally harmful. Many people have been rebelling against the work ethic, claiming that when a job is so important, personal relationships suffer and relaxation becomes secondary. Consequently there has been a shift in values, with more emphasis being given to personal relationships and non-work activities. Increased leisure time in the United States has not changed the idea that work and play are distinct activities. There is a belief that it is desirable "to work hard and play hard" and undesirable to combine the two. In many offices, stores and factories socializing among employees is discouraged. An employee under pressure at work often cannot afford to respond to social calls and visits. However, the amount of personal contact on the job depends on the nature of the work. People are ambivalent toward work; it is, at the same time, glorified and belittled. In the words of former President Richard Nixon:"The 'work ethic' holds that labor is good in itself; that a man or woman becomes a better person by virtue of the act of working. America's competitive spirit, the 'work ethic' of this people, is alive and well ..." Another viewpoint is expressed in an Anacin commercial:"I like my job and am good at it, but it sure grinds me down (折磨) sometimes, and the last thing I need to take home is a headache."

The reason why some people don't socialize with their co-workers on the job is that ________.

they consider work and play separate activities

解析：1.细节题。根据短文第一段前两句“There are people who are especially attracted to the notion of“climbing the ladder" so as to increase their status, financial position, and sense of self-worth. In part，as a result of the work ethic，these people are internally ‘driven’ to work.”可看出有些人深受“climbing the ladder”观念影响，目的是提高社会地位、经济地位和自我价值，所以他们受职业道德驱使而工作。故选项B正确。 2.细节题。作者在第二段指出对于workaholics，人们有两种不同的观点。一种观点认为workaholics abuse themselves physically and mentally;另一种观点则认为workaholics are valuable members of society because they are extremely productive.故选项D正确。 3.细节题。根据短文第三段第一句“…there is a growing realization in the United States that excessive work demands can be physically and mentally harmful.”可知人们开始意识到过度的工作会对健康造成危害。故选项C正确。 4.细节题。短文第四段开头指出“…the idea that work and play are distinct activities.”即人们认为工作和娱乐是两个独立分开的活动。故选项A正确。 5.细节题。短文最后一段指出“People are ambivalent toward work; it is，at the same time，glorified and belittled.”即工作同时受到赞扬和贬低。接着就列举了Nixon的观点和Anacin这种药的广告词来阐释对工作的这两种看法。故选项C正确。

[单选题]在一次心理学知识测试中，关于短时记忆的容量单位，学生们的答案涉及下列四种，其中正确的是( )。

组块

解析：短时记忆是指人脑中的信息在一分钟之内加工与编码的记忆，是信息从感觉记忆到长时记忆的过渡阶段。信息在头脑中储存的时间比瞬时记忆长一些，但一般不会超过1分钟，一般是30秒左右。短时记忆容量有限，一般为7±2个组块。因此短时记忆的容量单位是组块。