正确答案: A

one's bodyweight

题目： Looking for a new weight loss plan? Try living on top of a mountain. Mountain air contains less oxygen than air at lower altitudes, so breathing it causes the heart to beat faster and the body to bum more energy. A handful of studies have found that athletes training at high altitudes tend to lose weight. Doctor Florian Lippl of the University Hospital of Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich wondered how the mountain air would affect overweight individuals if they weren't doing any more physical activity than usual. Lippl and his colleagues invited 200verweight men to an environmental research station about 300 meters below the summit of Zugspitze, a mountain around 2,970 meters near the Austrian border. They were allowed to eat as much as they liked. The men also gave blood so that researchers could test for hormones(荷尔蒙) linked to appetite and fatness. At the end of the week, the men, whose mean weight starting out was 105 kg, had lost on average about 1.5 kg. The men's blood pressure also dropped, which the researchers attributed to weight lost. Exactly what caused the weight loss is uncertain. Loss of appetite is common at higher altitudes, and indeed the men ate significantly less than usual-about 700 calories fewer per day. Lippl also notes that because their consumption was being recorded, they may have been more self-conscious about what they ate. Regardless, eating less accounts for just 1 kg of the 1.5 kg lost, says Lippl. He thinks the increased metabolic rate, which was measured, also contributed to weight loss but cannot separate the different effects with the given data. Appetite loss at high altitudes could certainly be key, notes Damian Bailey, a physiologist at the University of Glamorgan, UK, who recently lost 11 kg during a 3-month expedition to the Andes in Chile. Unfortunately, for the average person there's no treatment that can resemble living at high altitude, says Lippl. The only alternative is a hypobaric chamber, which exposes subjects to low oxygen and isn't practical as a therapy. He says, half-jokingly,"if fat people plan their holidays, they might not go to the sea, but maybe to the mountains."

解析：1.细节题。文章第一段第三句指出“Mountain air contains less oxygen than air at lower altitudes，so breathing it causes the heart to beat faster and the body to burn more energy.”即山上空气所含的氧气少于低海拔地区，所以呼吸时心脏跳动更快，身体也消耗更多的能量。由此可知心率与氧气含量多少有关。故选D。 2.细节题。根据文章第二段中“…researchers could test for hormones linked to appetite and fatness”可知hormones会影响食欲和肥胖，即体重。故选A。 3.细节题。第三段第二句指出“…the men ate significantly less than usual-about 700 calories fewer per day”由此可知，选项B正确。 4.细节题。根据文章第四段可知，Damian Bailey认同高海拔地区能影响人的食欲，从而影响体重．因为他在安第斯山脉考察的3个月里瘦了11公斤。故选D。 5.推断题。根据短文最后一句“He says，half-jokingly，if fat people…”中half-jokingly (半开玩笑地)可推断出Lippl在谈到通过去高原地区度假这种方式来减肥是随意的，开玩笑的。故选A。

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学习资料的答案和解析：

[多选题]构成德育活动的基本要素是( )。

教育者

受教育者

德育内容

德育方法

解析：构成德育活动的基本要素包括教育者、受教育者、德育内容、德育方法。故选择A，B，C，D。

[单选题]在态度和品德的形成过程中，对榜样的模仿属于( )阶段。

认同

解析：认同是指认知、行为、情感接近，是态度和品德形成的第二阶段。认同是在思想、情感、态度和行为上主动接受他人的影响，使自己的态度和行为与他人相接近。认同实质上就是对榜样的模仿，其出发点就是试图与榜样一致。这一阶段的学生行为具有

[单选题]"泥鳅训练刻苦，跳跃、跑步虽有长进，但也只得了'C'等，飞行项目最终没有学会。"泥鳅的故事告诉我们，教育应遵循( )原则。

因材施教

解析：因材施教是指教师从学生的实际出发，使教学的深度、广度、进度适合学生的知识水平和接受能力，同时考虑学生的个性特点和个性差异，使每个人的才能品行获得最佳的发展的一项教育原则。教泥鳅学习飞行，是不关注其实际，不尊重个性差异的做法，不符合因材施教的教学原则。

[单选题]课间休息时，教师张某在教室吸烟。张某的行为( )。

不正确，违反了《中华人民共和国未成年人保护法》

解析：《中华人民共和国未成年人保护法》第三十七条规定：任何人不得在中小学校、幼儿园、托儿所的教室、寝室、活动室和其他未成年人集中活动的场所吸烟、饮酒。故选择D。

[单选题]最有利于学习效果提高的动机是( )。

中等程度

解析：动机强度与学习效率的关系是倒U型曲线关系。学习动机过高和过低都不利于学习效率的提高，中等强度的动机是最有利于学习效果提高的动机。故选择B。

[单选题]在学校教育中起关键作用的是( )。

教师

解析：教师是履行教育教学的专业人员。承担教书育人，培养社会主义事业建设者和接班人，提高民族素质的使命。在学校教育中起关键作用，故选择B。

[单选题]下列选项中，不属于《中小学教师职业道德规范》的内容的是()。

能力突出，专注科研

解析：《中小学教师职业道德规范》（2008年修订）的内容包括爱国守法、爱岗敬业、关爱学生、教书育人、为人师表、终身学习。故选择C。

[单选题]从课程功能的角度，可以把课程分为工具性课程、知识性课程、技能性课程和( )。

实践性课程

解析：从课程功能的角度，可以把课程分为工具性课程、知识性课程、技能性课程和实践性课程。

[单选题]关于人的身心发展动力有内发和外铄两种基本观点，下列哪种说法属于外铄？( )

白板说

解析：外铄论认为个体心理发展的实质是环境影响的结果，环境影响决定个体心理发展的水平与形式。这种观点又称心理发展的环境决定论、外塑论或经验论等。"白板说"是外铄论一个典型的代表。