正确答案: C

廉洁从教

题目：家长陈女士的女儿今年刚上初中一年级，她听说女儿班上的同学家长大都是有关系的，如果不送礼，怕老师会不重视孩子。在送礼的情况，老师难免会对相关的学生多些"关照"。老师这样的行为违背了()的职业道德规范。

解析：《中小学教师职业道德规范》（1997年修订）廉洁从教强调：坚守高尚情操，发扬奉献精神，自觉抵制社会不良风气影响。不利用职责之便谋取私利。教师不得收取学生贵重礼物，更不能因此而忽略其他学生。故选择C。

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学习资料的答案和解析：

[单选题]当前我国教育目的的核心内容是( )。

培养全面发展的人

解析：坚持社会主义方向性是我国教育目的最基本的精神。维护社会主义利益，为社会主义建设服务.是我国教育目的的根本所在。坚持培养为社会主义建设服务的劳动者，是我国教育目的一贯坚持的基本点。坚持人的全面发展，培养全面发展的人是我国教育目的的核心内容。

[单选题]孙老师受校长委托，对本校的1000余名学生进行幸福感方面的研究。最适合孙老师的研究方法是( )。

教育调查法

解析：教育调查法可以利用问卷测量的方式对群体情况进行研究和测查。

[单选题]幼儿园儿童做加减法时会用数手指的方式帮助自己，这种思维类型是( )。

直观动作思维

解析：本题考查的是思维的分类。直观动作思维是凭借直接感知，伴随实际动作进行的思维活动。实际动作便是这种思维的支柱。例如，幼儿在学习简单计数和加减法时，常常借助数手指，实际活动一停止，他们的思维便立即停下来。形象思维是运用已有表象进行的思维活动。表象是当事物不在眼前时，在个体头脑中出现的关于该事物的形象。人们可以运用头脑中的这种形象来进行思维活动。分析思维是经过逐步分析后，对问题解决作出明确结论的思维。例如，学生解几何题的多步推理和论证，医生面对疑难病症的多种检查、会诊分析等的思维。

[单选题]请阅读Passage 2，完成1~5小题。 　　Passage 2 　　Several research teams have found that newborns prefer their mothers' voices over those of other people.Now a team of scientists has gone an intriguing step further: they have found that newborns cry in their native language."We have provided evidence that language begins with the very first cry melodies," says Kathleen Wermke of the University of Wurzburg,Germany,who led the research. 　　"The dramatic finding of this study is that not only are newborns capable of producing different cry melodies,but they prefer to produce those melody patterns that are typical for the ambient language they have heard during their fetal life,within the last trimester," said Wermke."Contrary to orthodox interpretations,these data support the importance of human infants' crying for seeding language development." 　　It had been thought that babies' cries are constrained by their breathing patterns and respiratory apparatus,in which case a crying baby would sound like a crying baby no matter what the culture is,since babies are anatomically identical."The prevailing opinion used to be that newborns could not actively influence their production of sound." says Wermke.This study refutes that claim: since babies cry in different languages,they must have some control (presumably unconscious) over what they sound like rather than being constrained by the acoustical properties of their lungs,throat,mouth,and larynx.If respiration alone dictated what a cry sounded like,all babies would cry with a falling-pitch pattern,since that's what happens as you run out of breath and air pressure on the throat's sound-making machinery decreases.French babies apparently didn't get that memo."German and French infants produce different types of cries,even though they share the same physiology," the scientists point out."The French newborns produce 'nonphysiological' rising patterns," showing that the sound of their cries is under their control. 　　Although phonemes—speech sounds such as "ki" or "sh"—don't cross the abdominal barrier and reach the fetus,so-called prosodic characteristics of speech do.These are the variations in pitch,rhythm,and intensity that characterize each language.Just as newboms remember and prefer actual songs that they heard in utero,it seems,so they remember and prefer both the sound of Mom's voice and the melodic signature of her language. 　　The idea of the study wasn't to make the sound of a screaming baby more interesting to listeners-good luck with that-but to explore how babies acquire speech.That acquisition,it is now clear,begins months before birth,probably in the third trimester.Newborns "not only have memorized the main intonation pattems of their respective surrounding language but are also able to reproduce these pattems in their own　［sound］　production," conclude the scientists.Newborns' "cries are already tuned toward their native language" ,giving them a head start on sounding French or German (or,presumably,English or American or Chinese or anything else: the scientists are collecting cries from more languages).This is likely part of the explanation for how babies develop spoken language quickly and seemingly without effort.Sure,we may come into the world wired for language (thank you,Noam Chomsky),but we also benefit from the environmental exposure that tells us which language. 　　Until this study,scientists thought that babies became capable of vocal imitation no earlier than 12 weeks of age.That's when infants listening to an adult speaker producing vowels can parrot the sound.But that's the beginning of true speech.It's sort of amazing that it took this long for scientists to realize that if they want to see what sounds babies can perceive,remember,and play back,they should look at the sound babies produce best.So let the little angel cry: she's practicing to acquire language.

When does language acquisition begin according to the research?

It begins before the birth of a baby.

解析：细节题。根据倒数第二段中的“That acquisition，it is now clear,begins months before birth，probably in the third trimester.”可知，婴儿在出生之前就开始了语言习得。故本题选B。

[单选题]If a teacher asks students to make their own learning plan,he/she is trying to develop their_________.

metacognitive strategy

解析：本题考查学习策略。题干：如果教师让学生制订他们的学习计划，他／她是在培养他们的什么策略？不同的研究者对学习策略有不同的分类，但各种分类法中基本都涉及四种策略，即认知策略、元认知策略、情感策略和交际策略。其中元认知策略( metacognitive strategy)指学生对自己的认知过程及结果进行有效监视及控制的策略，包括计划策略、监控策略和调节策略。计划策略指的是学生对学习等活动的事前规划，如制订学习计划等。故本题选D。