正确答案: A

Surrounding.

题目：请阅读Passage 2，完成1~5小题。 　　Passage 2 　　Several research teams have found that newborns prefer their mothers' voices over those of other people.Now a team of scientists has gone an intriguing step further: they have found that newborns cry in their native language."We have provided evidence that language begins with the very first cry melodies," says Kathleen Wermke of the University of Wurzburg,Germany,who led the research. 　　"The dramatic finding of this study is that not only are newborns capable of producing different cry melodies,but they prefer to produce those melody patterns that are typical for the <u> ambient </u> language they have heard during their fetal life,within the last trimester," said Wermke."Contrary to orthodox interpretations,these data support the importance of human infants' crying for seeding language development." 　　It had been thought that babies' cries are constrained by their breathing patterns and respiratory apparatus,in which case a crying baby would sound like a crying baby no matter what the culture is,since babies are anatomically identical."The prevailing opinion used to be that newborns could not actively influence their production of sound." says Wermke.This study refutes that claim: since babies cry in different languages,they must have some control (presumably unconscious) over what they sound like rather than being constrained by the acoustical properties of their lungs,throat,mouth,and larynx.If respiration alone dictated what a cry sounded like,all babies would cry with a falling-pitch pattern,since that's what happens as you run out of breath and air pressure on the throat's sound-making machinery decreases.French babies apparently didn't get that memo."German and French infants produce different types of cries,even though they share the same physiology," the scientists point out."The French newborns produce 'nonphysiological' rising patterns," showing that the sound of their cries is under their control. 　　Although phonemes—speech sounds such as "ki" or "sh"—don't cross the abdominal barrier and reach the fetus,so-called prosodic characteristics of speech do.These are the variations in pitch,rhythm,and intensity that characterize each language.Just as newboms remember and prefer actual songs that they heard in utero,it seems,so they remember and prefer both the sound of Mom's voice and the melodic signature of her language. 　　The idea of the study wasn't to make the sound of a screaming baby more interesting to listeners-good luck with that-but to explore how babies acquire speech.That acquisition,it is now clear,begins months before birth,probably in the third trimester.Newborns "not only have memorized the main intonation pattems of their respective surrounding language but are also able to reproduce these pattems in their own　［sound］　production," conclude the scientists.Newborns' "cries are already tuned toward their native language" ,giving them a head start on sounding French or German (or,presumably,English or American or Chinese or anything else: the scientists are collecting cries from more languages).This is likely part of the explanation for how babies develop spoken language quickly and seemingly without effort.Sure,we may come into the world wired for language (thank you,Noam Chomsky),but we also benefit from the environmental exposure that tells us which language. 　　Until this study,scientists thought that babies became capable of vocal imitation no earlier than 12 weeks of age.That's when infants listening to an adult speaker producing vowels can parrot the sound.But that's the beginning of true speech.It's sort of amazing that it took this long for scientists to realize that if they want to see what sounds babies can perceive,remember,and play back,they should look at the sound babies produce best.So let the little angel cry: she's practicing to acquire language.

解析：词汇题。根据画线词定位到第二段。该段描述了婴儿在子宫中听到的声音是来自周围的语言。另外文章倒数第二段中也提到了“Newboms‘not only have memorized…oftheir respective surrounding language…'"。所以“ambient”与“surrounding”的意思接近，本题选A。familiar“熟悉的”，foreign“外国的”，local“当地的”。

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学习资料的答案和解析：

[单选题]学生刘某因家庭经济困难无法按规定完成义务教育。依据《中华人民共和国未成年人保护法》，对于刘某的受教育权利，具有保障责任的是( )。

当地人民政府

解析：《中华人民共和国义务教育法》第六条规定：国务院和县级以上地方人民政府应当合理配置教育资源，促进义务教育均衡发展，改善薄弱学校的办学条件，并采取措施，保障农村地区、民族地区实施义务教育，保障家庭经济困难的和残疾的适龄儿童、少年接受义务教育。故选择D。

[多选题]下列有关情绪调节的描述，正确的是( )。

某些认知策略如"忽视"，可以预防或减轻抑郁

父母对孩子发出的情绪信号对孩子的情绪调节有较大作用

情绪调节可以发展为一种能力，称作情绪智力

解析：抑制快乐表情会降低快乐感。