正确答案: A
吹奏乐器
题目:下列选项中,对民族乐器箫的归类,正确的一项是( )。
解析:我国民族乐器分为吹奏乐器、弹拨乐器、打击乐器和拉弦乐器四类。民族乐器箫属于吹奏乐器。
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学习资料的答案和解析:
[单选题]梁启超认为:"要进行趣味教育,就要让学生领会学习的乐趣,不能摧残学生学习趣味。而摧残教育趣味的原因其中有一条就是注射式教育。"这就要求教师要开展趣味教育,就要做到( )。
培养学生学习兴趣,引导学生主动学习
解析:新课改背景下的教师观强调,教师是学生学习的引导者。教师应该把激发学生学习的动机,指导学生的学习方法,作为自己工作的主要目标。梁启超所说的"注射式教育"指的就是传统教育中的"灌输式教育"。要进行趣味教育,就要利用学生的主观能动性,激发学生学习的乐趣。故选择C项。
[单选题]有的人大器晚成,有的人少年得志,这体现了个人身心发展的( )规律。
个体差异性
解析:学生体身心发展的个别差异性,个体差异是指个体与个体之间发展水平,发展速度等之间的差异。"少年得志"或"大器晚成",是指有的人才华很早就发展起来,还有些人到了中老年才展现出才华,体现了不同人间的个体差异。故选择A。B项,不平衡性,强调学生同一种机能,发展速度有快有慢;不同机能之间,成熟速度和时间有早有晚。教育启示:教学中注意"关键期和最佳期"。C项,互补性,强调某一种身心机能出现缺失,其它机能进行补充:教育启示:结合实际、扬长避短。D项,身心发展的阶段性是指儿童的发展,在一定顺序的持续不断的发展过程中,在一定年龄时期,往往反映出一些新的生理与心理变化的典型特点。每个阶段都有其普遍的与典型的特点,这是个体发展的一种突变。这些特点与前后阶段既有差别性,又有连续性,构成不同年龄阶段的年龄特征。
[单选题]有人把教育隐喻为"塑造",称教师是"人类灵魂工程师",这种观点在人的发展影响因素问题上倾向于( )。
外铄论
解析:外铄论即环境决定论,该观点认为人的发展主要是靠外在的力量,诸如环境的刺激和要求。他人的影响及学校的教育等。本题中把教育隐喻为"塑徒",强调教师的作用,也就是认为教育是塑造,人的发展依靠的是学校的教育,依靠的是教师,这是外铄论的观点。
[单选题]教师对上课守纪律的学生进行表扬,家长对考试成绩好的孩子给予物质奖励等都属于( )。
强化
解析:行为主义强化理论认为强化能够促进学习动机。因此,在学习活动中,学校经常采用奖励(赞许、奖品、给予权利、高分数等)与惩罚(训斥、剥夺权利、低分数等)的办法以督促学生学习,其目的就是通过外在诱因来维持学生的学习动机。
[单选题]儿童认为如果所有的人都同意的话,规则是可以改变的。依据皮亚杰的道德发展理论.这一时期的儿童处于( )。
可逆性阶段
解析:可逆性阶段的儿童已不把准则看成是不可改变的,而把它看作是同伴间共同约定的。儿童一般都形成了这样的概念:如果所有的人都同意的话,规则是可以改变的。儿童已经意识到一种同伴间的社会关系,应当相互尊重。准则对他们来说已具有一种保证他们相互行动、互惠的可逆特征。
[多选题]德育过程就是个体社会化和社会规范个体化的统一过程。( )
解析:德育过程是以提升受教育者的品德水平为目标,教育者与受教育者共同参与的教育活动过程。德育过程从本质上说就是个体社会化与社会规范个体化的统一过程。德育过程的矛盾是教育者提出的德育目标与受教育者现有水平之间的矛盾。
[单选题]教师心理健康的标准是( )。
能与现实环境保持接触
解析:心理健康是一种良好的、持续的心理状态与过程,表现为个人具有生命的活力、积极的内心体验、良好的社会适应、能够有效地发挥个人的身心潜力以及作为社会一员的积极的社会功能,可排除A,B,D。
[单选题]______ your valuable help, we couldn't have finished the experiment ahead of time.
Had it not been for
解析:考查虚拟语气。本题是与过去事实相反的虚拟语气,如果省略if,句子要倒装,倒装时要将助动词提前,故选B。
[单选题]请阅读 Passage 2,完成 1~5小题。
Passage 2
It's no srprise that Jennifer Senior's insightful,provocative magazine cover story,"I love My Children,I Hate My Life",is arousing much chatter-nothing gets people talking like the suggestion that child rearing is anything less than a completely fulfilling,life-enriching experience.rather than concluding that children make parents either happy or miserable,Senior suggests we need to redefine happiness: instead of thinking ofit as something that can be measured by moment-to-moment joy,we should consider being happy as a past-tense condition.Even though the day-to-day experience of raising kids can be soul-crushingly hard.Senior writes that "the very things that in the moment dampen our moods can later be sources ofintense gratification and delight."
The magazine cover showing an attractive mother holding a cute baby is hardly the only Madonna-and-child image on newsstands this week.There are also stories about newly adoptive-and newly single-mom sandra Bullock,as well as the usual "Jennifer Aniston is pregnant" news.Practically every week features at least one celebrity mom,or mom-to-be,smiling on the newsstands.
In a society that so persistently celebrates procreation,is it any wonder that admitting you regret having children is equivalent to admitting you support kitten-killing? It doesn't seem quite fair,then,to compare the regrets ofparents to the regrets of the childless.Unhappy parents rarely are provoked to wonder if they shouldn't have had kids,but unhappy childless folks are bothered with the message that children are the single most important thing in the world: obviously their misery must be a direct result of the gaping baby-size holes in their lives.
Of course,the image ofparenthood that celebrity magazines like Us Weekly and People present is hugely unrealistiC.especially when the parents are single mothers like Bullock.According to several studies concluding that parents are less happy than childless couples,single parents are the least happy of all.No shock there,considering how much work it is to raise a kid without a partner to lean on; yet to hear sandra and Britney tell it,raising a kid on their "own" (read: with round-the-clock help) is a piece ofcake.
It's hard to imagine that many people are dumb enough to want children just because Reese and Angelina make it look so glamorous: most adults understand that a baby is not a haircut.But it's interesting to wonder if the images we see every week of stress-free,happiness-enhancing parenthood aren't in some small,subconscious way contributing to our own dissatisfactions with the actual experience,in the same way that a small part of us hoped getting "the rachel" might make us look just a little bit like Jennifer Aniston.
We learn from Paragraph 2 that________.
having children is highly valued by the public
解析:细节题。文章第二段列举了一些新闻或杂志上的关于母亲和孩子的例子,段末特别强调“每周至少会有一位名人母亲或者准母亲的报道在杂志上笑迎读者”。而且在第三段首句接着第二段提到“在一个如此赞扬生育的社会中”,这是一个承上启下的句子,是对第二段的总结,也符合第一段以及第二段对养育孩子的正面评价。D项是原文赞扬生育的同义替换,故本题选D。