正确答案: A

20个人都是本科学历

题目：某单位共有20名工作人员。①有人是本科学历；②单位的负责人不是本科学历；③有人不是本科学历。上述三个判断中只有一个是真的。以下哪项正确表示了该单位具有本科学历的工作人员的人数( )。

解析：这是一道真假话问题，①和⑧是下反对关系，必有一真。由"只有一个为真的"可知，②必然为假，即可推出单位的负责人是本科学历，进而推出①为真，则③为假，可推出所有人都是本科学历。故选择A项。

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学习资料的答案和解析：

[单选题]学校教育与生产劳动相脱离始于( )。

奴隶社会

解析：原始社会教育的特点之一是教育是在生产劳动中进行的。由于社会生产力的提高，在奴隶社会，学校教育与生产劳动相脱离，并为学校的产生提供了专门从事教育活动的知识分子。

[多选题]心理学实验和相关研究证明，对理解的知识有复习的学生较无复习的学生保持效果好。如果没有对所学内容进行巩固复习，则保持的较少，遗忘的较多。即使只有一次复习，其保持的效果也会提高。复习是防止知识遗忘、巩固知识的基本途径，是提高知识保持效果的重要条件。但复习并不等于机械重复，保持的效果也不取决于复习次数的多少或所花费时间的长短，而取决于复习活动的合理组织。为了促进知识的保持，避免知识的遗忘，必须注意合理地组织复习。那么，如何根据遗忘规律，正确地组织复习以促进知识的保持呢？

[单选题]来自于个体亲身体验的知识是( )。

直接知识

解析：暂无

[单选题]动作技能是一种借助于内部语言在人脑中进行的认识活动方式，如游泳、打球和书法等。( )A.正确B.错误

解析：动作技能指通过练习巩固下来的、自动化的、完善的动作活动方式。它的特点是活动对象具有客观性，动作的过程具有外显性，动作的结构具有展开性，借助于内部语言在人脑中进行的认识活动方式是心智技能。故此题是错误的。

[单选题]小明期中考试不理想，父母答应如果期末考试能考好，就给他买电脑，于是小明刻苦地学习，期末考试时取得了优异的成绩。从学习动机理论来看，这属于( )。

间接近景性动机

解析：近景性动机指与近期目标相联系的一类动机，它又分为间接近景性动机与直接近景性动机。题干所述为父母意愿在学生头脑中的反映，属于间接近景性动机。

[单选题]容易受到环境因素影响的认知风格是( )。

场依存型

解析：场依存型的个体对事物作出判断时倾向于以外部参照作为信息加工的依据，容易受周围人们，特别是权威人士的影响和干扰，善于察言观色。故选择A。B选项，场独立型，该类型的个体对客观事物做判断时，常常利用内部的参照，不易受外来的因素影响和干扰，独立对事物作出判断。C选项，沉思型，该类型个体在问题解决时常常不急于说出自己的看法，而是先对各种可能的答案进行分析，解决问题时往往强调精度而非速度。D选项，冲动型，该类型个体则常常以很快的速度形成自己的看法，在解决问题时往往强调速度而非精度。

[单选题]以小人之心度君子之腹说的是印象形成效应中( )。

投射效应

解析：投射效应是指与人交往时把自己具有的某些不讨人喜欢、不为人接受的观念、性格、态度或欲望转移到别人身上，认为别人也是如此，来掩盖自己不受欢迎的特征。比如：以小人之心，度君子之腹。故选择A。B选项，晕轮效应是指当我们认为某人具有某种特征时，就会对其他特征作相似判断，这就是晕轮效应，也称为光环效应。C选项，首因效应是指在总体印象形成上，最初获得的信息比后来获得的信息影响更大的现象，也叫最初效应。D选项，近因效应指在总体印象形成上，新近获得的信息比原来获得的信息影响更大的现象，也叫最近效应。

[单选题]The Ancient Greek philosopher Pythagorasis best known today for his mathematicaltheorem, which haunts the dreams ofmany geometry students, but for centurieshe was also celebrated as the father ofvegetarianism. A meatless diet was referred to as a “Pythagorean diet” for years, up until themodern vegetarian movement began in themid-1800s. 　　While Pythagoras was an early proponent of ameatless diet, humans have been vegetarianssince well before recorded history. Most anthropologists agree that early humanswould have eaten a predominantly plant-based diet; after all, plants can't run away.Additionally, our digestive systems resemblethose of herbivores closer than carnivorous animals. Prehistoric man ate meat, of course,but plants formed the basis of his diet. 　　Pythagoras and his many followers practicedvegetarianism for several reasons, mainly dueto religious and ethical objections. Pythagoras believed all living beings had souls. Animalswere no exception, so meat and fish were banished from his table. Strangely enough, he also banished a vegetable that has a place ofhonor on most vegetarian menus today, thehumble bean. His followers were forbidden to eat or even touch beans, because he thought beans and humans were created from thesame material. Fava beans were especially bad, as they have hollow steams that could allow the souls of the dead to travel up fromthe soil into the growing beans. 　　While the edict against beans was liftednot long after Pythagoras' death, hisfollowers continued to eat a meatless diet.His principles influenced generations of academics and religious thinkers, and it was a group of these like-minded individuals whofounded the Vegetarian Society in English inthe mid-1800s. The virtues of temperance,abstinence and self-control were all tied tovegetarian ideals, while lust, drunkenness and general hooliganism all resulted from a diet too rich in meat products. Notable earlyvegetarians included Leo Tolstoy, George Bernard Shaw, Mahatma Gandhi and American Bronson Alcott, a Transcendentalist teacher,reformer and the father of “Little Women”author Louisa May Alcott. 　　It wasn't until the 1960s that vegetarianismmoved into mainstream American life and themovement's growth picked up speed in the 1970s when a young graduate student namedFrancis Moore Lappe wrote a book called Diet for a Small Planet. In it, she advocated ameatless diet not for ethical or moral reasons,but because plant-based foods have muchless impact on the environment than meat does. Today, many vegetarians refuse meat because of animal rights issues, or concernsover animal treatment, a principle first espoused in Peter Singer's 1975 work AnimalLiberation.

Which of the following might be the besttitle for the passage?

The History of Vegetarianism

解析：句意“文章的最合适的题目是什么？”。A项，意为“素食主义发展史”；B项，意为“素食主义之父”；C项，意为“素食主义拥护者”；D项，意为“素食主义的好处”。文章从素食主义之父说起，又按照时间的顺序介绍了不同时期的素食主义者及不吃肉的原因，故A项“素食主义发展史”为文章的题目。故选择A。

[单选题]The situational approach is a grammar-based language teaching method which focuseson________.

oral language and sentence patterns

解析：本题考查情景教学法。情景教学法是一种以语法为基础，强调口语和句型教学，教学过程中分级处理语法和词汇，并通过情景呈现新教学项目的外语教学法。故B项正确。