正确答案: C

原子弹

题目：下列武器中，在第二次世界大战过程中首次研发成功，并用于战争的是( )。

解析：原子弹是第二次世界大战时期，美国最先研发并使用的原子武器，1945年投掷到日本的广岛和长崎。坦克、重型机枪和潜艇都是在第一次世界大战中大量使用的武器。故选择C。

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学习资料的答案和解析：

[单选题]一个停滞不前。只靠过去的经验，一个知识面不广的教师，很难给学生以人格上的感召。所以作为一名教师，要做到()

终身学习

解析：《中小学教师职业道德规范》（2008修订）"终身学习"规定，教师做到崇尚科学精神，树立终身学习理念，拓宽知识视野，更新知识结构。潜心钻研业务，勇于探索创新，不断提高专业素养和数育教学水平。因此教师不能仅仅依靠现有经验，要不断学习。故选择A。

[单选题]教育者要在儿童发展的关键期施以相应的教育，这是因为人的教育具有( )。

不均衡性

解析：个体身心发展的不平衡性表现在两个方面：一是同一方面的发展速度在不同的年龄阶段变化是不平衡的。二是不同方面发展的不平衡性。发展关键期是指身体或心理的某一方面机能和能力最适宜于形成的时期。在这一时期，对个体某一方面的训练可以获得最佳成效，并能充分发挥个体在这一方面的潜力。教育教学工作要抓住关键期，以求在最短时间内取得最佳的效果。

[单选题]当学生面对某种问题情境时，教师帮助学生寻求与此相似的情境进行解答这种问题的方法是( )。

算法

解析：类比法是当面对某种问题情境时，个体可以运用类比思维，先寻求与此有些相似的情境的解答。故选择C。A选项，爬山法是指采用一定的方法逐步降低初始状态和目标状态的距离，以达到问题解决的一种方法。这就好像登山者，为了登上山峰，需要从山脚一步一步登上山峰一样。B选项，手段目的分析是指将目标划分成许多子目标，将问题划分成许多子问题后，寻找每一个子问题的手段。D选项，一个算法就是为达到某一个目标或解决某个问题而采取的一步一步的程序。算法策略就是在问题空间中随机搜索所有可能的解决问题的方法，直至选择一种有效的方法解决问题。简而言之，算法策略就是把解决问题的方法一一进行尝试，最终找到解决问题的答案。

[单选题]在教材呈现策略中"温故而知新"属于( )。

新旧知识相互作用的策略

解析：温习已学的知识，并且由其中获得新的领悟，即新旧知识相互作用。

[单选题]设计与开展一次好的主题班会必须把握三个要素：主题、内容和( )，

形式

解析：开展一次成功的主题班会，必须把握好以下三个要素：主题、内容和形式。其中，主题是灵魂，内容和形式是展现主题的载体。

[单选题] A decade ago, the idea that the planet was warming up as a result of human activity was largely theoretical. We knew that since the Industrial Revolution began in the 18th century, factories and power plants and automobiles and farms have been loading the atmosphere with heat-trapping gases, including carbon dioxide and methane (甲烷). But evidence that the climate was actually getting hotter was still murky. Not anymore. As an.authoritative report issued a few weeks ago by the United Nations-sponsored Intergovemmental Panel on Climate Change makes plain, the trend toward a warmer world has unquestionably begun. Worldwide temperatures have climbed more than 0.5℃ over the past century, and the 1990s were the hottest decade on record. After analyzing data going back at least two decades on everything from air and ocean temperatures to the spread and retreat of wildlife, the IPCC asserts that this slow but steady warming has had an impact on no fewer than 420 physical processes and animals and plant species in all countries. Glaciers, including the legendary snows of Kilimanjaro, are disappearing from mountaintops around the globe. Coral reefs are dying off as the seas get too warm for comfort. Drought is the norm in parts of Asian and Africa. El Nino (厄尔尼诺) events, which trigger devastating weather in the eastern Pacific, are more frequent. The Arctic permafrost (永久冻土带) is starting to melt. Lakes and rivers in colder climates are freezing later and thawing earlier each year. Plants and animals are shifting their ranges pole-ward and to higher altitudes, and migration patterns for animals as diverse as polar bears, butterflies and beluga whales are being disrupted.

According to the United Nations-sponsored Intergovemmental Panel on Climate Change,________.

it is obvious that the world has started getting warmer and warmer

解析：1.细节题。本题的定位在“A decade ago，the idea that the planet was warming up as a result of human activity was largely theoretical""but evidence that the climate was actually getting hotter was still murky…not anymore”即十年前，这种观点只是理论上的，证据是模糊的，而现在再不是了。故选D。 2.细节题。由文中“the trend toward a warmer world has unquestionably begun”，可见该机构的人员认为这种变暖毫无疑问已经开始了。A、B不符合文意，D没有提及。故选C正确。 3.细节题。定位为“worldwide temperatures have climbed more than 0.5℃ over the past century，and the 1990s were the hottest decade on record”，即在过去的一世纪中，世界气温上涨了0.5℃，而20世纪90年代是史上最热的十年。A项错误，C和D项没有提及。 4.细节题。关于亚洲和非洲的描述出现在文章的最后一段。其中提到了干旱，永久冻土带正在消融，河水和湖水的冰冻时间推后，日渐消融，植物和动物都不断向高海拔移动，动物的迁徙被打乱等等。B、C、D都没有提及，故选A，动物正向别处搬家正确。 5.主旨题。文章主要是介绍全球变暖对于地球上生物生活的影响，并没有介绍变暖的原因和责备人类造成了气候变暖，故B和C错误。D项过于偏颇。故选A。

[单选题] Millions of Americans lie awake at night counting sheep, or have a stiff drink or pop an allergy pill, hoping it will make them drowsy. But experts agree all that self-medicating is a bad idea, and the causes of chronic insomnia remain mysterious. Almost a third of adults have trouble sleeping, and about 10 percent have symptoms of daytime impairment that signal true insomnia. Sufferers readily cite the resulting problems: walking around in a fog, as memory and other cognitive functions slowly. Dozing off at the wheel or at work. Depression. Lack of energy. But for all the complaints, scientists know surprisingly little about what causes chronic insomnia, its health consequences and how best to treat it, a panel of specialists brought together by the National Institutes of Health concluded Wednesday. Two things are clear, the panel found: Chronic insomnia is a major public health problem. And too many people are using unproven therapies, even while there are a few treatments that do work. Among the panel's findings: Cognitive / behavioral therapy-a psychology-based treatment that trains people to reduce anxiety and take other sleep-promoting steps-is very effective, and doesn't cause side effects. But it can be hard to find health providers trained in the techniques. Insomniacs should check with board-certified sleep specialists and psychologists. Newer prescription sleep pills called Sonata, Ambien and Lunesta work without many of the side-effect concerns of older agents known as benzodiazepines (苯二氮类镇静药). One study of Lunesta showed effectiveness with six months of use, but more research on long-term use of all three is needed, as chronic msomma can linger for years. The most commonly used treatments are alcohol and over-the-counter sedating antihistamines (抗组．胺剂) like Benadryl. Alcohol use actually disrupts quality sleep, and antihistamines can cause lingering daytime sedation and other cognitive problems. The most common prescription insomnia medicine is an older, sedating antidepressant called trazodone, even though there's no good evidence that it offers more than a two-week benefit, and it comes with side effects.

One of most effective ways to deal with choric insomma is ________.

cognitive / behavioral therapy

解析：1.细节题。根据文章第四段，“Cognitive/behavioral therapy-a psychology-based treatment that trains people to reduce anxiety and take other sleep-promoting steps-is very effective”,这种方式非常有效，故D正确。而A、B在文章开头都被作者否定了，“experts agree all that self-medicating is a bad idea”。而C文章没有提及。 2.细节题。文章的第二段详细地描述了成年人失眠的症状：走路晃悠如在梦中，记忆和认知功能缓慢，在开车和工作中打盹，没有力气等。A、B、C都有所提及。但是D意为“认知功能缺失”，和原文表述不相同。这里应该注意选项和原文的细微区别。 3.细节题。根据文章第三段，“Chronic insomma is a major public health problem. And too many people are using unproven therapies, even while there are a few treatments that do work”，即慢性失眠是一个事关公众身体健康的大问题；尽管目前有一些行之有效的治疗方法，还是有不少人使用未经验证的疗法。应该注意这里说的是该机构的研究发现，不是文章中的所有发现，B、C、D都没有提及，故选A。 4.词义题。over意为“在……之上”，counter意为“柜台”。A项提醒我们药分为处方药和非处方药，而over the counter非常形象地描述了非处方药的销售方法，即直接在柜台上销售。此外， C、D都与语境相距甚远，B过于字面，用排除法可以选出A。 5.推断题。对于A，文中涉及unproven medicines的只有“too many people are using unproven therapies，even while there are a few treatments that do work”，而A没有被提及。B中说失眠者已经找到了可医治的药物，而文中说太多的人们都在用没有经过验证的治疗方法，故人们实际上没有找到。C项在文中没有提及。由“scientists know surprisingly little about what causes chronic insomma，its health consequences and how best to treat it"可知D项正确。