正确答案: D

long time working increases the risk of heart disease

题目： New research has found that those who work 11 hour days or more increase their chance of a heart attack by two thirds. If you're about to embark on your usual 12-hour day at the office, you might want to pause a while-a few hours, actually. A study has found that those who spend more than 11 hours at work increase their chance of having a heart attack by two thirds. The team from University College London looked at more than 7,000 civil servants working in Whitehall over a period of 11 years and established how many hours they worked on average a day. They also collected information including the condition of their heart from medical records and health checks. Over the period, a total of 192 had suffered a heart attack. Then the study was published in the joumal Annals of Internal Medicine, reporting that those who worked more than 11 hours a day were 67 percent more likely to have one than those who had a "nine to five" job. Professor Mika Kivimki, who led the study, said:"We have shown that working long days is associated with a remarkable increase in risk of heart disease. Considering that including a measurement of working hours in a GP interview is so simple and useful, our research presents a strong case that it should become standard practice. This new information should help improve decisions regarding medication for heart disease." "It could also be a wake-up call for people who over-work themselves, especially if they already have other risk factors," Professor Kivimki added. Around 2.6 million Britons have heart disease, where the organ's blood supply is blocked by the build-up of fatty deposits in the coronary arteries (冠状动脉). It is the nation's biggest killer, claiming 101,000 lives in this country every year. Heart attacks occur when a coronary artery becomes completely blocked; if the blood supply is not restored, the section of the heart being supplied by the artery will die.

解析：1.细节题。在第二段中，作者先后提到了观察、数据采集、医学检查等，而questionnaire 不包括在研究范围中，故选D。 2.细节题。在第二段中，作者说到，“the study was published in the journal Annals of Internal Medicine”，与A相反。“the team from University College London looked at more than 7,000 civil servants working in Whitehall”，B中，实验不是在这里做的，而是来自这里的研究员做的。由“looked at more than 7，000 civil servants working in Whitehall over a period of 11 years”，可知是研究员观察这些公务员11年，而不是公务员在白宫工作了11年，D错误。故选C。 3.细节题。由第三段“Considering that including a measurement of working hours in a GP interview is so simple and useful, our research presents a strong case that it should become standard practice.”可知教授对于这个研究非常自信。故A错误。C、D在文中没有提及。由“This new information should help improve decisions regarding medication for heart disease，”可知这项研究可为今后心脏病的治疗提供依据，故B正确。 4.细节题。由“the organ's blood supply is blocked by the build-up of fatty deposits in the coronary arteries”“Heart attacks occur when a coronary artery becomes completely blocked; if the blood supply is not restored，the section of the heart being supplied by the artery will die.”可知脂肪沉积物会堵塞血管，而心脏病发作时，冠状血管被完全堵住，如果血液供给不能恢复，这段血管所供给的心脏就会死去。故A、B、D正确。而C中的逻辑和文中不同，其所说的“一旦恢复供血，这段心脏会继续工作”的说法文中没有提及。 5.主旨题。文中作者首先介绍了一项关于工作与心脏病的研究，包括研究的背景、方法、过程和结果。而后在文章最后一段，作者介绍现在心脏病发病的情况和心脏病发作的原理。这些研究都在证实一个事实，即：长时间的工作增加患心脏病的风险。故A、B、C的描述都不全面。只有D，“长时间工作增加心脏病发病率”最全面，是文章主要讨论的内容，故为本题答案。

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学习资料的答案和解析：

[单选题]人和动物一旦学会对某一特定的条件刺激做出条件反应之后，其他与该条件相类似的刺激也会诱发其条件反应，这是条件刺激的( )。

泛化

解析：人和动物一旦学会对某一特定的条件刺激做出条件反应之后，其他与该条件相类似的刺激也会诱发其条件反应，这是刺激泛化。通过选择性强化和消退使有机体学会对条件刺激和与条件刺激相类似的刺激做出不同的反应是刺激分化。

[单选题] What type of approach does the student apply to listening according to what he describes? When I listen to English tapes, I am always worried about my limited vocabulary. I tend to figure out its actual meaning when coming across an unknown word, so that stop makes me miss the next part of the speech.

Bottom-up approach.

解析：考查听力模式。该学生描述到自己在听英语时，遇到不认识的词汇总是深究，以至于错过了录音后面的内容。这是bottom-up approach(自下而上法)。A指"注重细节的方法"，B指"自上而下法"，C指"互动法"。

[单选题]From the perspective of traditional approach of syntax,noun has the categories of number, gender and_________.

case

解析：本题考查语言学知识。数（number）、性(gender)、格(case)是用来分析名词的范畴。故本题选B。