正确答案: B

Gloomy.

题目：请阅读 Passage 2,完成1~5小题。 　　Passage 2 　　Everyone knows that English departments are in trouble,but you can't appreciate just how much trouble until you read the new report from the Modern Language Association.The report is about Ph.D.programs,which have been in decline since 2008.These programs have gotten both more difficult and less rewarding: today,it can take almost a decade to get a doctorate,anD.at the end of your program,you're unlikely to find a tenure-track job. 　　The core of the problem is,of course,the job market.The M.L.A.report estimates that only sixty per cent of newly-minted Ph.D.s will find tenure-track jobs after graduation.If anything,<u>that's wildly optimistic</u>: the M.L.A.got to that figure by comparing the number of tenure-track jobs on its job list (around six hundred) with the number of new graduates (about a thousand).But that leaves out the thousands of unemployed graduates from past years who are still job-hunting-not to mention the older professors who didn't receive tenure,and who now find themselves competing with their former students.In all likelihooD.the number of jobs per candidate is much smaller than the report suggests.That's why the mood is so <u>dire</u>—why even professors are starting to ask,in the committee's words,"Why maintain doctoral study in the modern languages and literatures-or the rest ofthe humanities-at all?" 　　Those trends,in turn,are part of an even larger story having to do with the expansion and transformation of American education after the Second World War.Essentially,colleges grew less elite and more vocational.Before the war,relatively few people went to college.Then,in the nineteen-fifties,the G.I.Bill anD.later,the Baby Boom pushed colleges to grow rapidly.When the boom endeD.colleges found themselves overextended and competing for students.By the midseventies,schools were creating new programs designed to attract a broader range of students-for instance,women and minorities. 　　Those reforms worked: as Nate Silver reported in the Times last summer,about twice as many people attend college per capita now as did forty years ago.But all that expansion changed colleges.In the past,they had catered to elite students who were happy to major in the traditional liberal arts.Now,to attract middle-class students,colleges had to offer more career-focused majors,in fields like business,communications,and health care.As a result,humanities departments have found 　　themselves drifting away from the center of the university.Today,they are often regarded as a kind of institutional luxury,paid for by dynamiC.cheap,and growing programs in,say,adult-education.These large demographic facts are contributing to today's job-market crisis: they're why,while education as a whole is growing,the humanities aren't. 　　Given all this,what can an English department do? The M.L.A.report contains a number of suggestions.Pride of place is given to the idea that grad school should be shorter: "Departments should design programs that can be completed in five years." <u>That</u> will probably require changing the dissertation from a draft of an academic book into something shorter and simpler.At the same time,graduate students are encouraged to "broaden" themselves: to "engage more deeply with technology" ; to pursue unusual and imaginative dissertation projects; to work in more than one discipline; to acquire teaching skills aimed at online and community-college students; and to take workshops on subjects,such as project management and grant writing,which might be of value outside of academiA.Graduate programs,the committee suggests,should accept the fact that many of their students will have non-tenureD.or even non-academiC.careers.They should keep track of what happens to their graduates,so that students who decide to leave academia have a non-academic alumni network to draw upon.

解析：词汇题。根据dire所在的上下文“…is much smaller than the report suggest"……why even professors are…or the rest of the humanities-at all?”可推知本词并非表达积极向上的意思，故排除A项“愉快的”。上下文分析的是就业形势严峻，找到终身教职很难的现状，由此可推断该专业的人员心情应该是糟糕的、悲伤的。B项“沮丧的”，C项“复杂的”，D项“奇怪的”。故本题选B。

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学习资料的答案和解析：

[单选题] 1974年，考古学家发掘出一艘南宋时期的“福船”,发掘地点为“海上丝绸之路”的起点、当时世界上著名的大港口。这一发掘地所在的城市是

泉州

解析：宋末至元代时，泉州成为中国第一大港，并与埃及的亚历山大港并称为“世界第一大港”，后因明清海禁而衰落，泉州是唯一被联合国教科文组织承认的海上丝绸之路起点。1974年在福建泉州港外出水了一艘南宋海船，船中残余的香料就有2000多公斤，其中有檀香，还有价格等同于黄金的龙涎香。

[单选题] Reality television is a genre of television programming which, it is claimed, presents unscripted dramatic or humorous situations, documents actual events, and features ordinary people rather than professional actors.It could be described as a form of artificial or "heightened" documentary.Although the genre has existed in some form or another since the early years of television, the current explosion of popularity dates from around2000. Reality television covers a wide range of television programming formats, from game or quiz shows which resemble the frantic, often demeaning programmes produced in Japan in the1980s and1990s (a modern example is Caki No Tsukai), to surveillance-or voyeurism-focused productions such as Big Brother. Critics say that the term"reality television" is somewhat of a misnomer and that such shows frequently portray a modified and highly influenced form of reality, with participants put in exotic locations or abnormal situations, sometimes coached to act in certain ways by off-screen handlers, and with events on screen manipulated through editing and other post-production techniques. Part of reality television′s appeal is due to its ability to place ordinary people in extraordinary situations.For example, on the ABC show, The Bachelor, an eligible male dates a dozen women simultaneously, travelling on extraordinary dates to scenic locales.Reality television also has the potential to turn its participants into national celebrities, outwardly in talent and performance programs such as Pop Idol, though frequently Survivor and Big Brother participants also reach some degree of celebrity. Some commentators have said that the name"reality television" is an inaccurate description for several styles of program included in the genre.In competition-based programs such as Big Brother and Survivor, and other special-living-environment shows like The ReaL World, the producers design the format of the show and control the day-to-day activities and the environment, creating a completely fabricated world in which the competition plays out.Producers specifically select the participants, and use carefully designed scenarios, challenges, events, and settings to encourage particular behaviours and conflicts.Mark Burnett, creator of Survivor and other reality shows, has agreed with this assessment, and avoids the word"reality" to describe his shows; he has said, "I tell good stories.It really is not reality TV.It really is unscripted drama."

Reality TV appeals to some because__________.

it shows average people in exceptional circumstances

解析：1.it is claimed的意思是"据宣称"，即不是作者本人的言论，所以选项D更符合题意。 2.从文章第四段"Part of reality television′s appeal is due to its ability to place ordinary people in extraordinary situations."可知这种需求是因为能把普通人放置到不平凡的处境中，C项是该句的同义替换。 3.A、B选项说法太笼统，只有D选项在文章最后一段出现。 4.从文章第四段"Reality television also has the potential to turn its paIticipants into national celebrities,outwardly in talent and performance programs such as Pop Idol,though frequently Survivor and Big Brother participants also reach some degree of celebrity."可知选B. 5.从文章最后一段"Mark Burnett，creator of Survivor and other reality shows，has agreed with this assessment，and avoids the word'reality' to describe his shows"可知Mark Burnett也认为称它为"reality television"是不准确的，并且避免用reality这个词汇。

[单选题]某中学对违反校规的学生进行罚款。该校的做法( )。

不合法，侵犯了学生及其监护人的财产权

解析：学生的财产权是指具有物质财富内容，直接和经济利益相联系的民事权利。学校对违反校规的学生进行罚款，侵犯的就是学生的财产权，故选择C。

[单选题]通过创设良好的情境，潜移默化地培养学生品德的方法是( )。

陶冶教育法

解析：陶冶教育法是通过创设良好的环境，对学生进行潜移默化的熏陶和感染，以培养其品德的一种方法。说服教育法是通过语言说理传道，使学生明理晓道、分清是非，提高品德认识的方法。故选择A。

[单选题]下列成语中，源于荆轲刺秦王故事的是( )。

图穷匕见

解析："荆轲刺秦王"的故事中，荆轲捧着装有樊於期头颅的匣子，秦舞阳捧着装有地图的匣子去觐见秦王，秦王慢慢展开卷着的地图，细细观看。快展到尽头时，突然露出一把匕首。荆轲见匕首露现。因此，图穷匕见的出自于荆轲刺秦王的故事。故选择C。A选项，四面楚歌讲的是楚霸王项羽，与项羽有关的成语典故还有：破釜沉舟、霸王别姬、力能扛鼎、自刎乌江、无颜见江东父老。B选项，投笔从戎是东汉名将班超。D选项，完璧归赵讲的是蔺相如。与蔺相如有关的成语典故还有：负荆请罪、将相和。

[单选题]Which of the following is used to describe the speech errors induced by the transposition of two sounds as in "tons of soil" and "sons of toil" ?

Spoonerism.

解析：本题考查语音现象。alliteration“头韵”，指频繁地重复相同的发音，通常是首字母的辅音。spoonerism“斯普纳现象，首音误置”，指将两个或两个以上单词的首音位置互换，这种置换可能是有意的，但也可能是无意的。将“tons of soil”读成“sons of toil”属于首音误置。elision“省音”，指省略部分读音，如we will变成we'Il，let us变成let's。liaison“连读”，指在同一个意群中，如果相邻两个单词前者以辅音音素结尾，后者以元音音素开头，则将辅音和元音拼读成一个音节。

[多选题]教育制度是一个国家各类教育机构与组织体系及其管理规则。( )

解析：广义的教育制度指国民教育制度，是一个国家为实现其国民目的，从组织系统上建立起来的一切教育设施和有关规章制度。狭义的教育制度指学校教育制度，简称学制，是一个国家各级各类学校的总体系，具体规定各级各类学校的性质、任务、目的、入学条件、修业年限以及它们之间的关系。其中学校教育制度处于国民教育制度的核心和主体地位，体现了一个国家国民教育制度的实质。

[单选题]"干越夷貉之子，生而同声，长而异俗，教使之然也"这句话反映了下列哪种因素对人发展的作用？( )

教育

解析：原文出自《荀子·劝学》。大意为：干国、越国，夷族和貉族的孩子，生下来时他们的哭声是一样的，然而，他们长大后习性却不同，这是因为后天的教化使他们这样的。