正确答案: A

listening and speaking

题目：In a Direct Method classroom,grammar is learned inductively through_______activities.

解析：本题考查直接教学法。直接法要求学生通过听和说的练习，用归纳法学习语法规则。故本题选A。

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学习资料的答案和解析：

[单选题]一般来说，态度和品德的形成过程经历三个阶段，即依从、认同和( )。

内化

解析：态度与品德的形成过程经历依从、认同与内化三个阶段。故选择A。

[单选题]教师在讲课时要求有必要的走动和手势，以增强学生感知的效果，所依据的感知规律是( )。

活动律

解析：活动律即指活动的对象较之静止的对象容易感知。为此，应注意在活动中进行直观，在变化中呈现对象，并善于利用现代科学技术作为知识的物质载体，使知识以活动的形象展现在学生面前。故选择C。A选项，强度律指对被感知的事物，必须达到一定的强度，才能感知得清晰。一般人对雷鸣电闪是容易感知的，因为它的感知强度很高，而对于昆虫的活动，如对蚂蚁行走的声音就难以觉察。因此，在实践中，要适当地提高感知对象的强度，并要注意那些强度很弱的对象。B选项，差异律是针对感知对象与它的背景的差异而言的。凡是观察对象与背景的差别越大，对象就被感知得越清晰；相反，凡是对象与背景的差别越小，对象就被感知得越不清晰。D选项，组合律是指从背景中分出对象，使感知对象在内容上或在时间上组成一个有意义的系统，有助于幼儿形成规律性的知识。

[单选题]《十面埋伏》是一首汉族琵琶大曲，同时也是中国 　　十大古曲之一，其演奏为独奏，乐曲激烈，震撼人心。下列成语典故中，与该曲表现的历史场景无关的是( )。

破釜沉舟

解析：《十面埋伏》是表现楚霸王项羽，被包围在垓下的故事。破釜沉舟是项羽起兵早期，打败秦末名将章邯，王离的故事。故选择B。四面楚歌、破釜沉舟、霸王别姬、无颜见江东父老等，都是项羽的成语典故。其中，，被围垓下（十面埋伏），汉军在楚军周围唱起楚歌（四面楚歌），使楚军人心涣散；项羽泣不成声，娇妻虞姬挥剑自刎（霸王别姬）；项羽帅残部突围，行至乌江边，左右勇士尽数战死，唯项羽一人执槊立于江边，汉军将士莫敢于争锋（万人敌）。忽见江心一亭长驾船而来，欲摆渡霸王过江，项羽感恨，无颜回江东（无颜见江东父老），拔剑自刎（自刎乌江）另外，力能扛鼎（项羽力大无穷，能举起铜鼎）也是项羽的典故

[单选题]在《论语》中记载着许多孔子关于"仁"的解释，孔子"仁"的中心是( )。

爱人

解析：孔子的学说是以"仁"为核心的最高道德标准，并且把仁的思想归结到服从周礼上（"克己复礼为仁"），强调忠孝和仁爱。故选择A。

[单选题] Plants and animals that have been studied carefully seem to have built-in clocks.These biological clocks, as they are called, usually are not quite exact in measuring time.However, they work pretty well because they are "reset" each day, when the sun comes up. Do pigeons use their biological clocks to help them find directions from the sun?We can keep pigeons in a room lit only by lamps.And we can program the lighting to produce artificial "days", different from the day outside.After a while we have shifted their clocks.Now we take them far away from home and let them go on a sunny day.Most of them start out as if they know just which way to go, but choose a wrong direction.They have picked a direction that would be correct for the position of the sun and the time of day according to their shifted clocks. It is known and experimented that homing pigeons can tell directions by the sun.But what happens when the sky is darkly overcast by clouds and no one can see where the sun is?Then the pigeons still find their way home.The same experiment has been repeated many times on sunny days and the result was always the same.But on very overcast days clock-shifted pigeons are just as good as normal pigeons in starting out in the right directions.So it seems that pigeons also have some extra sense of direction to use when they cannot see the sun. Naturally, people have wondered whether pigeons might have a built-in compass-something that would tell them about the directions of the earth′s magnetic field.One way to test that idea would be to see if a pigeon′s sense of direction can be fooled by a magnet attached to its back. With a strong magnet close by, a compass can no longer tell direction. To test the idea, a group of ten pigeons had strong little magnet bars attached to their backs. Another group carried brass bars instead which were not magnetic.In a number of experiments, both groups were taken away from home and let go.On sunny days none of the magnet-pigeons was fooled.They were just as good as the brass-pigeons in starting out in the right direction toward home.On cloudy, overcast days, however, with no sun the brass-pigeons chose the right direction, but the magnet-pigeons were in trouble.They later started out in different directions and acted completely lost.

What does the author want to say by citing the last experiment?

Pigeons use different sources to find directions on different weather.

解析：1.根据第一段中的"However，they work pretty well because they are"reset"each day，when the sun comes up."与第二段的实验可推知B项正确。 2.根据第二段中"And we can program the lighting to produce artificial"days"，different from the day outside.After a while we have shifted their clocks."可以得知D项正确。 3.根据文中研究太阳和地球磁场对鸽子生物钟影响的实验可知，二者都能帮助鸽子辨别方向。因此C项正确。 4.文章中以"Do pigeons use their biological clocks to help them find directions from the sun?"提出问题，然后通过实验来解答问题。即采用了提出问题一解答问题的模式，因此A项正确。 5.根据文章尾段的最后一个实验可知，在晴天的时候，两组鸽子都能准确辨别方向，因此鸽子在晴天是根据太阳辨别方向，跟磁场无关；在阴天时，背上无磁性铜棒的鸽子才能正确辨别方向，背上有磁棒的鸽子则不能，因此在阴天鸽子根据磁场辨别方向。综上可知，作者意在说明鸽子在不同的天气用不同的方法辨别方向。因此B项正确。

[单选题]当物体移到100米远处，视网膜上的像相应缩小到距我们l米远时大小的1／10，但是我们知道该物体的大小没有太大变化，这种现象称为( )。

大小恒常

解析：恒常性是指客观事物本身不变，但知觉的条件在一定范围内发生变化时，人的知觉的映像仍然保持相对不变的特性。包括大小恒常、形状恒常、颜色恒常等。题干表现的是典型的大小恒常。

[单选题]张老师在设置教学目标时，既考虑学生的现有知识水平，也考虑他们在老师指导下可以达到的水平。维果斯基将这两种水平之间的差距称为

最近发展区

解析：维果斯基认为，儿童有两种发展水平：一是儿童的现有水平，即由一定的已经完成的发展系统所形成的儿童心理机能的发展水平;二是即将达到的发展水平，儿童在有指导的情况下，借助成人帮助所能达到的解决问题的水平。这两种水平之间的差异就是最近发展区。题干中的张老师所考虑的两种水平之间的差距即为维果斯基提出的最近发展区。

[单选题]对学生课堂行为所施加的准则与控制称为( )。

课堂纪律

解析：课堂纪律是指为保障或促进学生的学习而设置的行为标准及施加控制。课堂纪律具有约束性、标准性和自律性三大特征。故选择C。

[单选题]根据过度学习的研究，如果读六遍后能完整背诵一首古诗，要达到最佳记忆效果，还应再背诵( )。

3遍

解析：过度学习达到50%效果最佳。