正确答案: B

Celebrity moms have infiuenced our attitude towards child rearing.

题目：请阅读 Passage 2,完成 1~5小题。 　　Passage 2 　　It's no srprise that Jennifer Senior's insightful,provocative magazine cover story,"I love My Children,I Hate My Life",is arousing much chatter-nothing gets people talking like the suggestion that child rearing is anything less than a completely fulfilling,life-enriching experience.rather than concluding that children make parents either happy or miserable,Senior suggests we need to redefine happiness: instead of thinking ofit as something that can be measured by moment-to-moment joy,we should consider being happy as a past-tense condition.Even though the day-to-day experience of raising kids can be soul-crushingly hard.Senior writes that "the very things that in the moment dampen our moods can later be sources ofintense gratification and delight." 　　The magazine cover showing an attractive mother holding a cute baby is hardly the only Madonna-and-child image on newsstands this week.There are also stories about newly adoptive-and newly single-mom sandra Bullock,as well as the usual "Jennifer Aniston is pregnant" news.Practically every week features at least one celebrity mom,or mom-to-be,smiling on the newsstands. 　　In a society that so persistently celebrates procreation,is it any wonder that admitting you regret having children is equivalent to admitting you support kitten-killing? It doesn't seem quite fair,then,to compare the regrets ofparents to the regrets of the childless.Unhappy parents rarely are provoked to wonder if they shouldn't have had kids,but unhappy childless folks are bothered with the message that children are the single most important thing in the world: obviously their misery must be a direct result of the gaping baby-size holes in their lives. 　　Of course,the image ofparenthood that celebrity magazines like Us Weekly and People present is hugely unrealistiC.especially when the parents are single mothers like Bullock.According to several studies concluding that parents are less happy than childless couples,single parents are the least happy of all.No shock there,considering how much work it is to raise a kid without a partner to lean on; yet to hear sandra and Britney tell it,raising a kid on their "own" (read: with round-the-clock help) is a piece ofcake. 　　It's hard to imagine that many people are dumb enough to want children just because Reese and Angelina make it look so glamorous: most adults understand that a baby is not a haircut.But it's interesting to wonder if the images we see every week of stress-free,happiness-enhancing parenthood aren't in some small,subconscious way contributing to our own dissatisfactions with the actual experience,in the same way that a small part of us hoped getting "the rachel" might make us look just a little bit like Jennifer Aniston.

解析：推断题。文章最后一段首句指出有的人因为看到Reese和Angelina这种名流使生孩子这件事看起来体面光鲜而去生孩子。从这句话可以判断，有些人起初并不想生孩子，但受一些名人的影响而去生儿育女，即名人会影响普通人看待生养孩子的态度。故本题选B。

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学习资料的答案和解析：

[单选题]"让学校的每一面墙壁都开口说话"，这是充分运用了下列哪一种德育方法( )。

陶冶教育

解析：陶冶教育法是指利用环境和数育者的教育因素，对学生进行潜移默化的熏陶和感染，使其心灵在耳濡目染中受到感化，进而促进其身心发展的方法。"让学校的每一面墙壁都开口说话"即体现了陶冶教育的方法。故选择D。A项，品德评价法（奖惩法），即通过对学生品德进行肯定或否定的评价而予以激励或抑制，促使其品德健康形成和发展。它包括奖励、惩罚、评比和操行评定。B项，榜样示范法，指用榜样人物的高尚思想、模范行为、优异成就来影响学生的思想、情感和行为的方法。用来示范的榜样主要有家长和教师、同学、英雄人物、革命领袖、历史伟人和文艺形象。C项，实际锻炼法，即教师指导学生参加各种实践活动，以形成一定的道德品质和行为习惯的方法。实际锻炼法包括两种形式，常规训练和实践锻炼。

[单选题]The main purpose of asking questions about the topic before listening is to_________.

activate students' schemata

解析：本题考查听力教学活动。题干：在听前提出与话题相关的问题，其主要目的是什么？A项“满足学生的期望”，B项“增强学生自信”，C项“激活学生的图式”，D项“提供任务反馈”。在听前阶段，教师提出与话题相关的问题可以激活学生头脑中已有的关于听力材料的图式知识，激活有关听力话题的背景信息。故本题选C。

[单选题] Like most people, I've long understood that I will be judged by my occupation, that my profession is a gauge people use to see how smart or talented I am. Recently, however, I was disappointed to see that it also decides how I'm treated as a person. Last year I left a professional position as a small-town reporter and took a job waiting tables. As someone paid to serve food to people, I had customers say and do things to me I suspect they'd never say or do to their most casual acquaintances. One night a man talking on his cell phone waved me away, then beckoned me back with his finger a minute later, complaining he was ready to order and asking where I'd been. I had waited tables during summers in college and was treated like a peon by plenty of people. But at 19 years old, I believed I deserved inferior treatment from professional adults. Besides, people responded to me differently after I told them I was in college. Customers would joke that one day I'd be sitting at their table, waiting to be served. Once I graduated I took a job at a community newspaper. From my first day, I heard a respectful tone from everyone who called me. I assumed this was the way the professional world worked-cordially. I soon found out differently, I sat several feet away from an advertising sales representative with a similar name. Our calls would often get mixed up and someone asking for Kristen would be transferred to Christie. The mistake was immediately evident. Perhaps it was because money was involved, but people used a tone with Kristen that they never used with me. My job title made people treat me with courtesy. So it was a shock to return to the restaurant industry. It's no secret that there's a lot to put up with when waiting tables, and fortunately, much of it can be easily forgotten when you pocket the tips. The service industry, by definition, exists to cater to others' needs. Still, it seemed that many of my customers didn't get the difference between server and servant. I'm now applying to graduate school, which means someday I'll. return to a profession where people need to be nice to me in order to get what they want. I think I'll take them to dinner first, and see how they treat someone whose only job is to serve them.

What does the example in the second paragraph imply?

Some customers simply show no respect to those who serve them.

解析：1.细节题。文中第一段提到，作者知道人们会以职位来判断一个人的智力；最后一句提到“1 was disappointed to see'that it also decides how I'm treated as a person.”故选C。 2.推断题，文中第二段提到，作者在做服务生时，一个打着电话的客人把他赶走，一分钟后又打手势让他过去，还说一直找不到他，即客人很不尊重服务员，故选B。 3.推断题。文中倒数第二段提到了这句话，从作者的意思来看，很多客人不尊重服务员，把他们当成了仆人来使唤，这让作者很不满意，故选项C符合题意。 4.细节题。文中第三段第二句提到“But at 19 years old，I believed I deserved inferior treatment from professional adults.”即在19岁时，作者认为受到下等人的对待是应该的，即是件很自然的事，故选D。 5.推断题。根据全文的意思判断，作者对那些把服务员当成仆人的客人很不满，以后带着客户去吃饭，应该是想观察一下客户对服务员的态度，从中反映出他们是什么样的人，选项B符合题意。

[单选题]在某乡村小学，教师在同一个教室内分别对不同年级的学生进行教学。这种教学组织形式是( )。

复式教学

解析：复式教学是把两个或两个以上不同年级的学生编在一个教室里，由一位教师分别用不同的教材，在一节课里对不同年级的学生进行教学的一种特殊组织形式。

[单选题]班主任工作的首要任务是( )。

建立班集体

解析：组织和培养班集体是班主任工作的中心环节也是首要任务，故选择D。

[单选题]下列哪些现象不属于学习( )。

小孩到一定年龄变声

解析：学习是个体在特定的情景下由于练习和反复经验而产生的行为或行为潜能的比较持久的改变。变声并非练习或反复经验形成的，而是成熟的结果。故选择A。

[单选题]“孟母三迁“是我国历史上著名的古诗，它说明了环境对人的成长具有重要作用。关于学校优化育人环境，下列说法不恰当的是

促进了人的气质的发展

解析：本题考查影响人身心发展的因素——遗传、环境、学校教育、个体主观能动性。其中，学校教育在人的发展中起主导作用，表现在(1)学校教育按社会对个体的基本要求对个体发展方向做出社会性规范。(2)学校教育具有加速个体发展的特殊功能。(3)学校教育，尤其是基础教育对个体发展的影响具有即时和延时的价值。(4)学校教育具有开发个体特殊才能和发展个性的功能。B选项“人的气质”依赖于人的生理素质或身体特点，受生理影响大，稳定性强，受后天因素影响小，不容易改变，正确答案为B。

[单选题] The use of deferential language is symbolic of the Confucian ideal of the woman, which dominates conservative gender norms in Japan. This ideal presents a woman who withdraws quietly to the background, subordinating her life and needs to those of her family and its male head. She is a dutiful daughter, wife, and mother, master of the domestic arts. The typical refined Japanese woman excels in modesty and delicacy; she "treads softly in the world," elevating feminine beauty and grace to an art form. Nowadays, it is commonly observed that young women are not conforming to the feminine linguistic ideal. They are using fewer of the very deferential "women's" forms, and even using the few strong forms that are known as "men's." This, of course, attracts considerable attention and has led to an outcry in the Japanese media against the defeminization of women's language. Indeed, we didn't hear about "men's language" until people began to respond to girls' appropriation of forms normally reserved for boys and men. There is considerable sentiment about the "corruption" of women's language-which of course is viewed as part of the loss of feminine ideals and morality-and this sentiment is crystallized by nationwide opinion polls that are regularly camed out by the media. Yoshiko Matsumoto has argued that young women probably never used as many of the highly deferential forms as older women. This highly polite style is no doubt something that young women have been expected to "grow into"-after all, it is assign not simply of femininity, but of maturity and refinement, and its use could be taken to indicate a change in the nature of one's social relations as well. One might well imagine little girls using exceedingly polite forms when playing house or imitating older women-in a fashion analogous to little girls' use of a high-pitched voice to do "teacher talk" or "mother talk" in role play. The fact that young Japanese women are using less deferential language is a sure sign of change-of social change and of linguistic change. But it is most certainly not a sign of the "masculization" of girls. In some instances, it may be a sign that girls are making the same claim to authority as boys and men, but that is very different from saying that they are trying to be "masculine." Katsue Reynolds has argued that girls nowadays are using more assertive language strategies in order to be able to compete with boys in schools arid out. Social change also brings not simply different positions for women and girls, but different relations to life stages, and adolescent girls are participating in new sub-cultural forms. Thus what may, to an older speaker, seem like "masculine" speech may seem to an adolescent like "liberated" or "hip" speech.

The highly polite style ________ according to Yoshiko Matsumoto.

is viewed as a sign of their maturity

解析：1.细节题。文中第一段提到了典型的日本女人受到孔子思想的影响，谦虚、优雅；只有 C选项不是日本女人的典型特征，故选C。 2.细节题。文中最后一段提到“The fact that young Japanese women are using less deferential language is a sure sign of change”即年轻女人使用的语言不再那么顺从，与B选项吻合，故选B。 3.细节题。文中第二段提到“This，of course，attracts considerable attention and has led to an outcry in the Japanese media against the defeminization of women's language”即日本媒体强烈反对女性用语中的去女性化现象。故选A。 4.细节题。文中第三段提到“…it is assign not simply of femininity, but of maturity and refinement, and its use could be taken to indicate a change in the nature of one's social relations as well.”即高度有礼貌的语言被视为一种成熟和文雅，选项C符合题意。 5.细节题。文章最后一段提到“Katsue Reynolds has argued that girls nowadays are using more assertive language strategies in order to be able to compete with boys in schools and out"选项A符合题意，故选A。