正确答案: B

巴赫

题目：西方音乐史上被称为近代音乐之父的是( )。

解析：巴赫被称为西方音乐史上近现代音乐之父。代表作品《小步舞曲》等。故选择B。A选项，海顿被称为交响乐之父，现德国国歌的作者，代表作品《惊愕》。C选项：贝多芬是德国著名作曲家，双耳失聪仍然坚持创作，代表作品：第三交响曲《英雄》、第五交响曲《命运》、第六交响曲《田园》、第七交响曲、第九交响曲《合唱》。D选项：克劳迪奥·蒙特威尔第，被认为是古典音乐史上一位划时代的人物。

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学习资料的答案和解析：

[单选题]小天鹅歌舞团有小演员45名。关于这45名小演员，甲乙丙三人有如下讨论：甲说："这些小演员中有些是北京人。"乙说："小演员中的李欣欣不是北京人。"丙说："这些小演员中有些不是北京人。"事实上，甲乙丙三人的话只有一句为真。请问，下面哪个选项为真( )

45名小演员都是北京人

解析：考查直言命题的下反对关系。分析题干信息可知，甲与丙所说为下反对关系，必有一真，且仅有一句真话，所以乙的话为假，即李欣欣是北京人，所以甲所说为真，故丙所说为假，即"这些小演员中有些不是北京人"为假，则所有小演员都是北京人。故选择D项。

[单选题]卢梭的自然教育思想具有极大的启迪性和震撼力，对后来的教育家和( )与教学改革产生了深远的影响。

现代教育

解析：卢梭深刻认识并非常重视儿童发展的顺序性和阶段性，确定了能动的儿童观或学生观。他的自然教育思想具有极大的启迪性与震撼力，对后来的教育家和现代教育与教学的改革产生了深远影响。

[单选题]学过高等数学后有利于对初等数学的进一步理解和掌握，这属于( )。

逆向正迁移

解析：逆向迁移是指后继学习对先前学习产生的影响。一般是在学习初等数学之后才学习高等数学，因此是逆向迁移。正向迁移是指一种学习对另一种学习起到积极的促进作用，因此是逆向正迁移。

[单选题] Plants and animals that have been studied carefully seem to have built-in clocks.These biological clocks, as they are called, usually are not quite exact in measuring time.However, they work pretty well because they are "reset" each day, when the sun comes up. Do pigeons use their biological clocks to help them find directions from the sun?We can keep pigeons in a room lit only by lamps.And we can program the lighting to produce artificial "days", different from the day outside.After a while we have shifted their clocks.Now we take them far away from home and let them go on a sunny day.Most of them start out as if they know just which way to go, but choose a wrong direction.They have picked a direction that would be correct for the position of the sun and the time of day according to their shifted clocks. It is known and experimented that homing pigeons can tell directions by the sun.But what happens when the sky is darkly overcast by clouds and no one can see where the sun is?Then the pigeons still find their way home.The same experiment has been repeated many times on sunny days and the result was always the same.But on very overcast days clock-shifted pigeons are just as good as normal pigeons in starting out in the right directions.So it seems that pigeons also have some extra sense of direction to use when they cannot see the sun. Naturally, people have wondered whether pigeons might have a built-in compass-something that would tell them about the directions of the earth′s magnetic field.One way to test that idea would be to see if a pigeon′s sense of direction can be fooled by a magnet attached to its back. With a strong magnet close by, a compass can no longer tell direction. To test the idea, a group of ten pigeons had strong little magnet bars attached to their backs. Another group carried brass bars instead which were not magnetic.In a number of experiments, both groups were taken away from home and let go.On sunny days none of the magnet-pigeons was fooled.They were just as good as the brass-pigeons in starting out in the right direction toward home.On cloudy, overcast days, however, with no sun the brass-pigeons chose the right direction, but the magnet-pigeons were in trouble.They later started out in different directions and acted completely lost.

What can be inferred from the passage about biological clocks?

Pigeons′biological clocks are regulated every day with the sunrise.

解析：1.根据第一段中的"However，they work pretty well because they are"reset"each day，when the sun comes up."与第二段的实验可推知B项正确。 2.根据第二段中"And we can program the lighting to produce artificial"days"，different from the day outside.After a while we have shifted their clocks."可以得知D项正确。 3.根据文中研究太阳和地球磁场对鸽子生物钟影响的实验可知，二者都能帮助鸽子辨别方向。因此C项正确。 4.文章中以"Do pigeons use their biological clocks to help them find directions from the sun?"提出问题，然后通过实验来解答问题。即采用了提出问题一解答问题的模式，因此A项正确。 5.根据文章尾段的最后一个实验可知，在晴天的时候，两组鸽子都能准确辨别方向，因此鸽子在晴天是根据太阳辨别方向，跟磁场无关；在阴天时，背上无磁性铜棒的鸽子才能正确辨别方向，背上有磁棒的鸽子则不能，因此在阴天鸽子根据磁场辨别方向。综上可知，作者意在说明鸽子在不同的天气用不同的方法辨别方向。因此B项正确。

[单选题]________they to cut down the cost of advertising,the cost of production_______significantly 　　fall.

Were; would

解析：本题考查虚拟语气。句意为“如果他们降低了广告成本，生产成本就会明显下降”。表示与现在事实相反，从句谓语用动词过去式（be用were），主句谓语用would/should/could/might+动词原形；虚拟条件从句中含有were时，可省略if，并把were移至主语之前。该从句的正常语序是If they were to cut down the cost of advertising。故本题选D。