正确答案: C

黄庭坚

题目：下列古代人物中不属于唐宋八大家的是( )。

解析：黄庭坚，书法传世，为"宋四家"之一（苏轼、黄庭坚、米芾、蔡襄）。代表作品：《山谷词》。黄庭坚不是唐宋八大家之一，故选择C。唐宋八大家是唐宋时期，八大诗人散文作家的合称，即唐代的韩愈、柳宗元和宋代的苏洵、苏轼、苏辙、欧阳修、王安石、曾巩。韩愈：世称"韩昌黎"、"昌黎先生"。唐代古文运动的倡导者，"唐宋八大家"之首，与柳宗元并称"韩柳"。主要作品：《论佛骨表》《师说》《进学解》等。其中《师说》选入中学课文。柳宗元：世称"柳河东"、"河东先生。唐代古文运动的倡导者。主要作品：《永州八记》《柳河东集》《柳宗元集》等。其中《捕蛇者说》（选自《柳河东集》）选入中学课文。苏洵、苏轼、苏辙：北宋文学家、思想家，政治家。号称"三苏"（苏洵是苏轼、苏辙的父亲，苏轼是苏辙的哥哥），四川眉州人（"眉州东坡"的眉州），世人称"一门三父子，峨眉共比高"。苏洵，号老泉，字明允。代表作品《六国论》等。苏辙，自号颍滨遗老，字子由。苏轼，号东坡先生（"东坡肘子"的东坡），文学、书法（苏轼与黄庭坚、米芾和蔡襄，并称"宋四家"）艺术成就斐然。很多作品耳熟能详，选入课文的作品有：古文《石钟山记》；诗歌《赤壁赋》（"清风徐来，水波不兴"）、《后赤壁赋》、《题西林壁》（"不识庐山真面目，只缘身在此山中"）、《饮湖上初睛后雨二首》（"欲把西湖比西子，淡妆浓抹总相宜"）；词《江城子·十年生死两茫茫》（"十年生死两茫茫，不思量，自难忘"）、《水调歌头·明月几时有》（"明月几时有，把酒问青天"）、《定风波·莫听穿林打叶声》（"竹杖芒鞋轻胜马，一蓑烟雨任平生"）、《念奴娇·赤壁怀古》（"但愿人长久，千里共婵娟"）。著名书法作品有：《赤壁赋》、《江上帖》、《寒食帖》（又称《黄州寒食诗帖》，天下第三行书）等。欧阳修，字永叔，号醉翁、六一居士。北宋文学家、政治家。领导了北宋诗文革新运动。很多作品耳熟能详，选入课文的作品有：《醉翁亭记》（"醉翁之意不在酒，在乎山水之间也"），《卖油翁》（"我亦无他，唯手熟尔。"）王安石，字介甫，号半山，北宋政治家，改革家（北宋王安石变法），文学家。著名作品，选入课文的作品有：《伤仲永》（"泯然众人矣"）、《游褒禅山记》、《登飞来峰》（"不畏浮云遮望眼，自缘身在最高层"）、《泊船·瓜洲》（"春风又绿江南岸，明月何时照我还"）、《梅花》（"遥知不是雪，为有暗香来"）、《元日》（"干门万户瞳瞳日，总把新桃换旧符"）、《桂枝香·金陵怀古》（"至今商女，时时犹唱，后庭遗曲"）。曾巩，世称"南丰先生"。著名作品《墨池记》（"临池学书，池水尽黑"）。

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学习资料的答案和解析：

[单选题]义务教育最早起源于16世纪的( )。

德国

解析：义务教育最早起源于16世纪的德国。故选择D。

[单选题]在教学中讲授"果实"概念时，既选可食的果实，又选不可食的果实（如棉籽等），这样才有利于学生准确地掌握"果实"概念。这是运用了( )。

变式法

解析：变式是指不断变换所提供的材料或问题呈现的形式，使事物的非本质特征时隐时现，而事物的本质特征却保持不变。题目中既选可食的果实，又选不可食的果实（如棉籽等）来使学生掌握果实的概念，这就是运用了变式。

[单选题]Passage 2 Taylor Swift, the seven-time Grammy winner, is known for her articulate lyrics, so there was nothing surprising about her writing a long column for The Wall Street Journal about the future of the music industry. Yet there's reason to doubt the optimism of what she had to say. "This moment in music is so exciting because the creative avenues an artist can explore are limitless:' Swift wrote. "In this moment in music, stepping out of your comfort zone is rewarded, and sonic evolution is not only accepted...it is celebrated. The only real risk is being too afraid to take a risk at all." That's hard to reconcile with Nielsen's mid-year U.S. music report, which showed a 15 percent year-on-year drop in album sales and a 13 percent decline in digital track sales. This could be the 2013 story all over again, in which streaming services cannibalize their growth from digital downloads, whose numbers dropped for the first time ever last year, except that even including streams, album sales are down 3.3 percent so far in 2014. Streaming has grown even more than it did last year, 42 percent compared to 32 percent, but has failed to make up for a general loss of interest in music.Consider this.in 2014 to date, Americans purchased 593.6 million digital tracks and heard 70.3 million video and audio streams for a sum total of 663.9 million. In the comparable period of 2013, the total came to 731.7 million.Swift, one of the few artists able to pull off stadium tours, believes it's all about quality. "People are still buying albums, but now they're buying just a few of them:' she wrote. "They are buying only the ones that hit them like an arrow through the heart." In 2000, album sales peaked at 785 million. Last year, they were down t0 415.3 million. Swift is right, but for many of the artists whose albums pierce hearts like arrows, it's too late. Sales of vinyl albums have increased 40.4 percent so far this year, according to Nielsen, and the top-selling one was guitar hero Jack White's Lazaretto. The top 10 also includes records by the aging or dead, such as the Beatles and Bob Marley & the Wailers. More modern entries are not exactly teen sensations, either. the Black Keys, Beck and the Arctic Monkeys. None of these artists is present on the digital sales charts, including or excluding streams. The top-selling album so far this year, by a huge margin, is the saccharine soundtrack to the Disney animated hit, Frozen. When, like me, you're over 40 and you believe the music industry has been in decline since in 1993 (the year Nirvana released In Utero), it's easy to criticize the music taste of "the kids these days:' a term even the 23-year old Swift uses. My fellow dinosaurs will understand if they compare 1993's top albums to Nielsen's 2014 list. But these kids don't just like to listen to different music than we do, they no longer find much worth hearing.The way the music industry works now may have something to do with that. In the old days, musicians showed their work to industry executives, the way most book authors still do to publishers (although that tradition, too, is eroding). The executives made mistakes and were credited with brilliant finds. Sometimes they followed the public taste, and sometimes they strove to shape it, taking big financial and career risks in the process. These days, according to Swift, it's all about the social networks. "A friend of mine, who is an actress, told me that when the casting for her recent movie came down to two actresses, the casting director chose the actress with more Twitter followers:' Swift wrote. "In the future, artists will get record deals because they have fans - not the other way around." The social networks are fickle and self-consciously sarcastic (see the recent potato salad phenomenon). They are not about arrow-through-the-heart sincerity. That's why YouTube made Psy a star, but it couldn't have been the medium for Beatlemania. Justin Timberlake has 32.9 million Twitter followers, but he's no Jack White. In the music industry's heyday, it produced a lot of schlock. But it got great music out to the masses, too. These days, it expects artists to do their own promotion and for those who less good at that than at making music, it may mean not getting heard. For fans it means less good music to stream and download. Well, there's always the warm and fuzzy world of vinyl nostalgia, I guess.

How does the writer perceive Swift's attitude towards the future of the music industry?

She is no doubt over-optimistic about it

解析：考查作者的态度根据第一段最后一句“Yet there's reason to doubt the optimism of what she had to say.”可见作者对Taylor在华尔街时报上发表的言论并不买账，认为音乐的前景并不像她所说的那样可观。综上，A选项正确。故选择A。