正确答案: D

挫伤了学生的积极性

题目：刘老师正在上课，学生路路突然站起来，指出刘老师讲解中的错误，刘老师板着脸说："路路，老师不如你，以后就由你来上课好了！"说完，刘老师若无其事地继续上课。下列选项中，对该教师行为评价正确的一项是( )。

解析：新课程改革强调教师要激发学生的积极性，发挥学生的主体地位。教师的行为，不但侵犯了学生的人格尊严，挫伤了学生学习的积极性，因此答案选D。AC选项，实施素质教育，要发挥教师的主导作用。题干没有利用好教师的主导作用，排除AC。B选项，教师是教学的主导，学生是教学的主体，故排除B。

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学习资料的答案和解析：

[单选题]统一六国的过程中，最后灭亡的诸侯国是( )。

齐

解析：秦灭六国顺序：韩赵魏、楚燕齐。齐国是被秦国所灭最后的大诸侯国。故选择D。但是如果严谨考证，据《史记》记载，秦国最后灭掉的国家是卫国，在秦二世元年年才被灭掉。所以此题并不严谨。

[单选题]下列选项中，体现郑成功重大历史功绩的一项是( )。

收复台湾

解析：B选项，收复台湾：清康熙年间，民族英雄郑成功从荷兰殖民者手中收复台湾。故选择B。A选项，虎门销烟：1839年6月林则徐在广东虎门集中销毁鸦片，后来成为1840年第一次鸦片战争的导火线。C选项，官渡之战：东汉末年，曹操和袁绍在官渡大战，曹操战胜，奠定了曹操统一中国北D选项，的基础。七擒孟获：三国时期是诸葛亮征伐西南少数民族。

[单选题]最早对课堂教学从理论上加以阐述的教育著作是( )。

夸美纽斯的《大教学论》

解析：夸美纽斯的《大教学论》最早对课堂教学从理论上加以阐述，确立了学校教学工作的基本组织形式，提出了"班级授课制"。

[单选题]教学的中心环节是( )。

上课

解析：上课是教学工作的中心环节，课堂是履行教师职责的中心舞台，也是体现教师价值的最佳场所。

[单选题]Passage 2 Scientists have been surprised at how deeply culture-the language we speak, the values we absorb-shapes the brain, and are rethinking findings derived from studies of Westerners. To take one recent example, a region behind the forehead called the medial prefrontal cortex supposedly represents the self: it is active when we ("we" being the Americans in the study) think of our own identity and traits. But with Chinese volunteers, the results were strikingly different. The "me" circuit hummed not only when they thought whether a particular adjective described themselves, but also when they considered whether it described their mother. The Westerners showed no such overlap between self and mom. Depending whether one lives in a culture that views the self as autonomous and unique or as connected to and part of a larger whole, this neural circuit takes on quite different functions. "Cultural neuroscince," as this new field is called, is about discovering such differences. Some of the findings, as with the "me/mom" circuit, buttress longstanding notions of cultural differences.For instance, it is a cultural cliche that Westerners focus on individual objects while East Asians pay attention to context and background (another manifestation of the individualism-collectivism split). Sure enough, when shown complex, busy scenes, Asian-Americans and non-Asian-Americans recruited different brain regions. The Asians showed more activity in areas that process figure-ground relations-holistic context-while the Americans showed more activity in regions that recognize objects. Psychologist Nalini Ambady of Tufts found something similar when she and colleagues showed drawings of people in a submissive pose (head down, shoulders hunched) or a dominant one (arms crossed, face forward) to Japanese and Americans. The brain's dopamine-fueled reward circuit became most active at the sight of the stance-dominant for Americans, submissive for Japanese-that each volunteer's culture most values, they reported in 2009. This raises an obvious chicken-and-egg question, but the smart money is on culture shaping the brain, not vice versa. Cultural neuroscience wouldn't be making waves if it found neurobiological bases only for well-known cultural differences. It is also uncovering the unexpected. For instance, a 2006 study found that native Chinese speakers use a different region of the brain to do simple arithmetic (3+4) or decide which number is larger than native English speakers do, even though both use Arabic numerals. The Chinese use the circuits that process visual and spatial information and plan movements (the latter may be related to the use of the abacus). But English speakers use language circuits. It is as if the West conceives numbers as just words, but the East imbues them with symbolic, spatial freight. (Insert cliche about Asian math geniuses) "One would think that neural processes involving basic mathematical computations are universal:' says Ambady, but they "seem to be culture-specific." Not to be the skunk at this party, but I think it's important to ask whether neuroscience reveals anything more than we already know from, say, anthropology. For instance, it's well known that East Asian cultures prize the collective over the individual, and that Americans do the opposite. Does identifying brain correlates of those values offer any extra insight? After all, it's not as if anyone thought those values are the result of something in the liver. Ambady thinks cultural neuro-science does advance understanding. Take the me/mom finding, which, she argues, "attests to the strength of the overlap between self and people close to you in collectivistic cultures and the separation in individualistic cultures. It is important to push the analysis to the level of the brain." Especially when it shows how fundamental cultural differences are-so fundamental, perhaps, that "universal" notions such as human rights, democracy, and the like may be no such thing.

Which of the following is closest in meaning to the underlined phrase "making waves" in Paragraph 3?

Causing disagreement

解析：本题考查词义猜测由画线词定位至文章第三段，画线部分句子的意思是“如果发现神经生物学仅以著名的文化差异为基础，那么文化神经科学并不会掀起风波”。making waves意为“造成轰动，引起话题”，四个选项中D项“引起分歧”意思最接近。综上，D选项正确。故选择D。猜测词义题

[单选题]__________can fly very high in_________sky.

Birds; the

解析：本题考查冠词。句意为“鸟可以在天空中飞得很高”。“不定冠词+单数名词”或单个复数名词可表示一类，这里birds指的是鸟类，表示泛指，不加定冠词；sky是世-上独一无二的事物，前面用定冠词the修饰。故本题选C。