正确答案: D

育人为本

题目：国家长期教育改革和发展规划纲要(2010-2020年)指出教育工作的根本要求是( )。

解析：《国家中长期教育改革和发展规划纲要（2010-2020年）》指出，要把育人为本作为教育工作的根本要求。故选择D。

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学习资料的答案和解析：

[单选题]王老师讲完新课，询问同学是否学会，班级里鸦雀无声，王老师环视教室，这时小明回答："会了"，王老师说："好的"。于是王老师进行了接下来的教学任务，王老师的行为( )。

错误，未能践行学习者为中心的理念

解析：以人为本的学生观强调，学生独立意义的人，要发挥学生主观能动性，以学生为主体。王老师引导学生参与课堂的意识不够，在全班同学几乎都没有回应的情况下继续开展教学，没有充分尊重学生的主体地位。故选择C项。

[单选题]即使人们对长大后的狼孩进行再好的教育，也很难令其用人类语言进行顺畅的交流，这反映了个体身心发展具有( )。

不平衡性

解析：即使人们对长大后的狼孩进行再好的教育，也很难令其用人类语言进行顺畅的交流，是因为狼孩错过了语言形成的关键期。个体身心发展的不平衡性带给我们的教学启示是教育要抓住关键期，因此选择C。

[单选题]心理学家提出了发展的关键期或最佳期的概念，这说明了个体身心发展的( )。

不平衡性

解析：个体身心发展的不平衡性表现在两个方面，首先是同一方面的发展速度在不同的年龄阶段变化是不平衡的。发展不平衡的第二个方面是不同方面发展的不平衡性。根据人的身心的不同方面有不同的发展期的现象，心理学家提出了关键期或最佳期的概念。

[单选题]教育目的有三个层次，即国家的教育目的、各级各类学校的培养目标和( )。

教师的教学目标

解析：教育目的有三个层次，即国家的教育目的、各级各类学校的培养目标和教师的教学目标。

[单选题]初中阶段的学生在思考、分析问题时容易钻牛角尖，甚至陷入其中难以自拔，这说明初中学生的思维具有( )。

片面性

解析：暂无

[单选题] The common cold is the world's most widespread illness, which is plagues(疫病) that flesh receives. The most widespread fallacy of all is that colds caused by cold. They are not. They are caused by viruses passing on from person to person. You catch a cold by conung into contact, directly or indirectly, with someone who already has one. If cold causes colds, it would be reasonable to expect the Eskimos to suffer from them forever. But they do not. And in isolated arctic regions explorers have reported being free from colds until coming into contact again with infected people from the outside world by way of packages and mail dropped from airplanes. During the First World War soldiers who spent long periods in the trenches, cold and wet, showed no increased tendency to catch colds. In the Second World War prisoners at the notorious Auschwitz concentration camp, naked and starving, were astonished to find that they seldom had colds. At the Common Cold Research Unit in England, volunteers took part in Experiments in which they gave themselves to the discomforts of being cold and wet for long stretches of time. After taking hot baths, they put on bathing suits, allowed themselves to be with cold water, and then stood about dripping wet in drafty room. Some wore wet socks all day while others exercised in the rain until close to exhaustion. Not one of the volunteers came down with a cold unless a cold virus was actually dropped in his nose. If, then, cold and wet have nothing to do with catching colds, why are they more frequent in the winter? Despite the most pains-taking research, no one has yet found the answer. One explanation offered by scientists is that people tend to stay together indoors more in cold weather than at other times, and this makes it easier for cold viruses to be passed on. No one has yet found a cure for the cold. There are drugs and pain suppressors (止痛片) such as aspirin, but all they do is relieve the symptoms.

The author cites the Eskimos not suffering from common colds forever to indicate ________.

viruses passing from person to person are the factors causing common colds

解析：1.细节题。文章第二段说到，对于感冒，最普遍的谬论是感冒是由寒冷引起的，后面说感冒是由人与人之间传播的病毒导致的，“If cold causes colds，it would be reasonable to expect the Eskimos to suffer from them forever.”可推断作者的意思是，如果寒冷可以造成感冒，那一直忍受寒冷的爱斯基摩人一定会一直都在感冒。即用这个例子验证寒冷不会引起感冒，感冒是由病毒的传播所导致。故选B。 2.细节题。爱斯基摩人不会一直感冒，而且感冒不是由寒冷引起的，故A、B与文章相符。文章第二段提到生活在北极圈与世隔绝的人们一直都不会得感冒，直到他们与感染了感冒病毒的人接触。故可知D与文章相符。对于C，作者在倒数第二段中说冬天感冒人多的原因是冬天人们更愿意一起待在屋里，这样感冒病毒很容易在人与人之间传播，而单纯地待在屋里不会得感冒，故C错误。 3.细节题。根据第二段结尾，“And in isolated arctic regions explorers have reported being free from colds until coming into contact again with infected people from the outside world by way of packages and mail dropped from airplanes.”可知他们只会在与外界感染感冒的人相接触时才会被感染。故选D。 4.细节题。根据文章第四段的描述，这些志愿者在洗完热水澡后，穿上泳衣，在自己身上浇凉水，然后站在通风的房间里，还有些人穿着湿袜子，站在雨中，以检测他们会不会得感冒。结果证明所有人都没有得感冒，直到他们接触了病毒。故B、C、D错误，只有A正确。 5.主旨题。通读文章，作者一直在谈人们为什么会得感冒和得感冒的途径，故C正确。A只说到了实验，不全面。B和D文章没有提及。