正确答案:

题目：简述语法教学中演绎法和归纳法的教学过程及其优缺点。

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学习资料的答案和解析：

[单选题] Children who spend more than two hours a day at a computer or watching television are more likely than others to have mental problems, scientists say. Researchers found that 11-year-old who spent several hours in front of a screen each day did worse on mental health tests, no matter how much physical exercise they got. The University of Bristol study, published in Pediatrics, involved more than l,000 children aged about 10. They also had the kids fill out questionnaires designed to gauge the kids' emotional well-being and behavior. The questionnaires contained 20 questions covering five sections-emotional difficulties, conduct problems, hyperactivity or inattention, friendships and peer groups and problems relating to friends and peer groups. The study found no direct evidence that sitting in front of a screen actually causes mental health problems. Instead, it suggests that children with difficulties, such as extreme shyness, are more likely to choose TV or computer games than sociable activities. In the study, children were asked whether they agreed, disagreed or somewhat agree with a list of statements, including,"I generally play alone or keep to myself" and,"I am often unhappy or tearful". They were also asked how much exercise they took and how long they spent at a TV or computer screen. According to the study, children who spent more than two hours a day at a screen had a 60% higher risk of mental problems than children who spent fewer viewing hours. The risk was only slightly higher in children who did little or no exercise. "Physical activity is good for health in many ways, but it can't make up for long hours of screen viewing. Parents should consider limiting their children's screen viewing to no more than 2 hours a day," said the study organizer, Angie Page. Previous studies have raised concerns that watching too much television can affect children's behavior in later life. A Canadian study found that those who watched most TV as young children performed worse at school, ate more junk food and had more trouble concentrating.

What information can we get about the University of Bristol study?

The results of it have been published.

解析：1.细节题。“The University of Bristol study，published in Pediatrics…had the kids fill out questionnaires"和“the questionnaires contained 20 questions covering five sections”，由此可见A正确，C 和D错误。B全文都没有提及。 2.主旨题。本文全文都在围绕着这项研究展开，包括研究的背景、方法、结果和推论。而作者一直都非常客观地描述着这项研究。故选B正确。 3.细节题。“The University of Bristol study，published in Pediatrics，involved more than 1,000 children aged about 10. They also had the kids fill out questionnaires designed to gauge the kids' emotional well-being and behavior”，可见研究的方法是通过调查问卷的方式，故选D正确。 4.细节题。第五段中提到孩子们每天看电视时间或者用电脑时间超过两小时会导致心理问题的增加，故B正确。A项没有说到玩电脑的时间，如果不超过两个小时，也不会增加风险。从“physical activity is good for health in many ways, but it can't make up for long hours of screen viewing"中可以看出体育活动并不会缓解看屏幕时间长带来的危害，故C错误。D项文中没有提及。 5.细节题。文章的主要观点是过久地看屏幕可以导致儿童心理问题，而这种危害是其他活动是弥补不了的。故选A正确。

[单选题]把习得的动作固定下来，并使各动作成分相互结合成定型的、一体化的动作，称为( )。

操作的整合

解析：操作整合是把构成整体的各动作要素，依据其内在联系联结成整体，形成操作活动的序列，获得有关操作活动的完整的动觉映像的过程。

[单选题] The process of perceiving others is rarely translated (to ourselves or others) into cold, objective terms."She was 5 feet 8 inches tall, had fair hair, and wore a colored skirt." More often, we try to get inside the other person to pinpoint his or her attitudes, emotions, motivations, abilities, ideas, and characters.Furthermore, we sometimes behave as if we can accomplish this difficult job very quickly-perhaps with a two-second glance. We try to obtain information about others in many ways.Berger suggests several methods for reducing uncertainties about others; who are known to you so you can compare the observed person′s behavior with the known others′ behavior, observing a person in a situation where social behavior is relatively unrestrained or where a wide variety of behavioral responses are called for, deliberately structuring the physical or social environment so as to observe the person′s responses to specific stimuli, asking people who have had or have frequent contact with the person about him or her, and using various strategies in face-to-face interaction to uncover information about another person-question, self-disclosures, and so on. Getting to know someone is a never-ending task, largely because people are constantly changing and the methods we use to obtain information are often imprecise.You may have known someone for ten years and still know very little about him.If we accept the idea that we won′t ever fully know another person, it enables us to deal more easily with those things that get in the way of accurate knowledge such as secrets and deceptions.It will also keep us from being too surprised or shocked by seemingly inconsistent behavior.Ironicajly, those things that keep us from knowing another person too well(e.g.secrets and deceptions) may be just as important to the development of a satisfying relationship as those things that enable us to obtain accurate knowledge about a person (e.g.disclosures and truthful statement).

According to the passage,if we perceive a person, we are likely to be interested in

how happy he is

解析：1.根据第一段"More often，we try to get inside the other person to pinpoint his or her attitudes，emotions，motivations，abilities，ideas，and characters."可知，我们很少根据多高、染什么颜色的头发、穿什么衣服去认识一个人，而更多的是通过他的内在去判断。因此，答案为C。 2.结合第二段和第三段内容可知，有一些人总是为他人的所作所为感到吃惊，这是因为他们没有意识到我们永远不可能完全了解一个人。 3.由第三段可知，我们可能认识一个人十年了但还是对他所知甚少，"because people are constantly changing and the methods we use to obtain information are often imprecise"因为我们获取信息的方式通常是不准确的，A项是对impreclse的同义转述。 4.我们发现有一些东西阻碍我们认识别人，根据第三段"those things that keep us from knowing another person too well (e.g.secrets and deceptions)"可知，D为正确答案。 5.本文分别讲了how to perceive others，methods of perceiving others，factors preventing us from knowing others，因此答案为B。