正确答案: B

法语

题目：某房间里有甲、乙、丙、丁四个人，他们的语言分别是英语、法语和西班牙语。其中，只有丁一个人说英语；丙不说西班牙语；甲和某人说同一种语言；乙不能和甲交流；每个人只会说一种语言。则可知甲说( )。

解析：此题考查元素对应问题。由"只有丁一个人说英语"，得甲、乙、丙不说英语：由"每个人只会说一种语言"，得丁不说法语和西班牙语；由"丙不说西班牙语"，得丙说法语；进而由"乙不能和甲交流"和"甲和某人说同一种语言"，得甲和丙说同一种语言，即甲说法语。故选择B。

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学习资料的答案和解析：

[单选题]在古代欧洲曾经出现过一种旨在培养多方面发展的人的和谐教育，它是( )。

雅典教育

解析：雅典非常重视教育，但在教育内容中有更多智育的成分，注重身心和谐发展。教育机构有文法学校、弦琴学校和体操学校等，旨在培养多方面发展的人的和谐教育。故选择B。A项，斯巴达的教育完全由国家控制，其教育目的完全取决于统治阶级的政治、军事需要。斯巴达重视军事体操和道德训练，而文化教育和科学教育被认为是无意义的事情。其体育训练的基本项目是"五项竞技"，即赛跑、跳跃、角力、投标枪、掷铁饼。C项，教会学校，是为了传播教义，开办教会学校，教会学校最初都是在沿海的通商口岸，规模较小，多是小学，免费招收贫苦人家的孩子。D项，骑士学校，主要课程有骑士七技，即骑马、游泳、投枪、击剑、打猎、下棋、吟诗。

[单选题]教师讲课时，声音抑扬顿挫，富于变化，这是为了引起学生的( )。

无意注意

解析：无意注意也称不随意注意，是没有预定目的、无需意志努力、不由自主地对一定事物所发生的注意。无意注意是注意的初级形式，不仅人类有，动物也有。老师是为了引起学生的无意注意。故选择B。A选项，有意注意也称随意注意，是有预先目的，必要时需要意志努力的注意。C选项，有意后注意也称随意后注意，是有目的但是不需要意志努力的注意，熟练化动作和直接兴趣容易诱发有意后注意。D选项，注意的分散，又可称"分心"，是指注意离开了心理活动所要指向的对象，而被无关的对象吸引去的现象。

[单选题]教育心理学上著名的"水下击靶"实验的实验者是( )。

贾德

解析：贾德通过"水下击靶"实验提出了概括说，认为迁移是基于两种学习之间的一般原理。即学习A时获得的一般原理用于学习B时所产生的迁移。它是共同要素说的一种发展。故选择A。B选项，奥苏贝尔根据学习材料与学习者原有知识的关系，将学习分为机械学习和有意义学习。奥苏贝尔强调有意以学习。有意以学习是指当前的学习与已有知识建立起实质性的、有意义的联系。奥苏贝尔根据学习进行的方式，学习分为接受学习和发现学习。奥苏贝尔认为，学生的学习主要是接受学习，学习应该是通过接受而发生，而不是通过发现发现而获得。C选项，布鲁纳的认知结构主义理论，提出了发现学习。D选项，皮亚杰，瑞士著名哲学家、心理学家。主要考点包括个体身心发展多因素相互作用论代表人物；德育认知模式代表人物；现代认知学派代表人物；强调建构主义发展观，提出认知发展阶段理论：提出儿童道德发展阶段论。

[单选题]弗洛伊德的心理性欲发展阶段中，3-5岁儿童处于( )阶段。

性器期

解析：性器期大约从3岁到5岁。故选C。A选项，口腔期从出生到12-18个月左右。B选项，肛门期大约从12～18个月到3岁左右。D选项，潜伏期大约从5岁到12岁。

[单选题] There are people who are especially attracted to the notion of "climbing the ladder" so as to increase their status, financial position, and sense of self-worth. In part, as a result of the work ethic, these people are internally "driven" to work. Not infrequently, foreign visitors have observed that Americans spend an inordinate(过度的) amount of time working and, as a consequence, Americans have little time for leisure or personal relationships. In American English a new word "workaholic" has been created to describe an individual who is as addicted to work as an alcoholic is to liquor. There are conflicting points of view about workaholics. Those concerned with problems of mental stress believe workaholics abuse themselves physically and mentally. Others hold that workaholics are valuable members of society because they are extremely productive. The Americans culture values achievement, efficiency, and production-a workaholic supports these values. Despite the presence of workaholics, there is a growing realization in the United States that excessive work demands can be physieally and mentally harmful. Many people have been rebelling against the work ethic, claiming that when a job is so important, personal relationships suffer and relaxation becomes secondary. Consequently there has been a shift in values, with more emphasis being given to personal relationships and non-work activities. Increased leisure time in the United States has not changed the idea that work and play are distinct activities. There is a belief that it is desirable "to work hard and play hard" and undesirable to combine the two. In many offices, stores and factories socializing among employees is discouraged. An employee under pressure at work often cannot afford to respond to social calls and visits. However, the amount of personal contact on the job depends on the nature of the work. People are ambivalent toward work; it is, at the same time, glorified and belittled. In the words of former President Richard Nixon:"The 'work ethic' holds that labor is good in itself; that a man or woman becomes a better person by virtue of the act of working. America's competitive spirit, the 'work ethic' of this people, is alive and well ..." Another viewpoint is expressed in an Anacin commercial:"I like my job and am good at it, but it sure grinds me down (折磨) sometimes, and the last thing I need to take home is a headache."

The difference between Nixon's view of work and the view expressed on the TV commercial for Anacin is that ________.

the former is a glorification of work; the latter is not

解析：1.细节题。根据短文第一段前两句“There are people who are especially attracted to the notion of“climbing the ladder" so as to increase their status, financial position, and sense of self-worth. In part，as a result of the work ethic，these people are internally ‘driven’ to work.”可看出有些人深受“climbing the ladder”观念影响，目的是提高社会地位、经济地位和自我价值，所以他们受职业道德驱使而工作。故选项B正确。 2.细节题。作者在第二段指出对于workaholics，人们有两种不同的观点。一种观点认为workaholics abuse themselves physically and mentally;另一种观点则认为workaholics are valuable members of society because they are extremely productive.故选项D正确。 3.细节题。根据短文第三段第一句“…there is a growing realization in the United States that excessive work demands can be physically and mentally harmful.”可知人们开始意识到过度的工作会对健康造成危害。故选项C正确。 4.细节题。短文第四段开头指出“…the idea that work and play are distinct activities.”即人们认为工作和娱乐是两个独立分开的活动。故选项A正确。 5.细节题。短文最后一段指出“People are ambivalent toward work; it is，at the same time，glorified and belittled.”即工作同时受到赞扬和贬低。接着就列举了Nixon的观点和Anacin这种药的广告词来阐释对工作的这两种看法。故选项C正确。