正确答案: B

cultural transmission

题目：That a Japanese child adopted at birth by an American couple will grow up speaking English indicates_________of human language.

解析：本题考查语言的本质特征。duality“二层性”，指语言的等级性，包括形位和音位；cultural transmission“文化传递性”，指语言要通过教学和学习才能获得；arbitrariness“任意性”，指语言符号的形式与表示意义没有天然联系，语言音和义之间具有任意性；cognitive creativity“认知创造性”。“日本小孩出生时被美国夫妇收养，长大后说英文”正是体现了语言的文化传递性。故本题选B。

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学习资料的答案和解析：

[单选题]常言道："数子十过，莫如奖子长。"这句话启示我们，教育应该坚持( )。

以表扬激励为主

解析：新课改背景下的牧师观强调，教师是学生发展的促进者。"数子十过，莫如奖子一长"这句话的意思是数落孩子十个错误，不如表扬、奖励孩子的一个长处、优点或进步的教育效果好。因此，在教育中，启示我们要以表扬激励为主，做学生发展的促进者。故选择D。

[单选题] Exceptional children are different in some significant ways from others of the same age, for the same age, for these children to develop to their full adult potential, their education must be adapted to those differences. Although we focus on the needs of exceptional children, we find ourselves describing their environment as well.While the leading actor on the stage captures our attention, we are aware of the importance of the supporting players and the scenery of the play itself.Both the family and the society in which exceptional children live are often the key to their growth and development.And it is in the public schools that we find the full expression of society′s understanding the knowledge, hopes, and fears that are passed on to the next generation. Education in any society is a mirror of that society.In that mirror we can see the strengths, the weaknesses, the hopes, the prejudices, and the central values of the culture itself.The great interest in exceptional children shown in public education over the past three decades indicates the strong feeling in our society that all citizens, whatever their special conditions, deserve the opportunity to fully develop their capabilities. "All men are created equal." We've heard it many times, but it still has important meaning for education in a democratic society.Although the phrase was used by this country′s founders to denote equality before the law, it has also been interpreted to mean equality of opportunity.That concept implies educational opportunity for all children-the right of each child to receive help in learning to the limits of his or her capacity, whether that capacity be small or great.Recent court decisions have confirmed the right of all children-disabled or not-to an appropriate education, and have ordered that public schools take the necessary steps to provide that education.In response, schools are modifying their programs, adapting instruction to children who are exceptional, to those who cannot profit substantially from regular programs.

From its passage we learn that the educational concern for exceptional children

is now enjoying legal support

解析：1.在第二段，作者举例说，舞台上的主角吸引了我们的注意力，但我们没有忽视配角的支持与舞台布景的衬托。下文的exceptional children与例子中的leading actor相对应；下文的family和society与例子中的supporting players和scenery相对应，从而说明了超常孩子的成长与家庭和社会有很大关系，故选A。 2.根据文章第三段最后一句"The great interest in exceptional children…indicates the strong feeling in our society that all citizens,.deserve the opponunity to fully develop their capabilities."可知，C项正确。 3.本文开头第一段概括了全文的主题思想。下文详细地阐述了家庭和社会对超常孩子的重要性，教育对所有孩子的重要性和所有孩子平等地受教育的法律保证。这些细节都说明了教育适应超常孩子的必要性。B项本文未涉及，A、C虽有涉及，但不是全文的主题思想。故选D。 4.根据第四段中间的"Recent court decisions have confirmed the right of all children-disable or not-to an appropriate education"可知，A项正确。 5.做这类题可以从文中找各选项的依据来逐项排除。文章首段中的"…to develop to their full adult potential"和文章最后一句中的"…to those who cannot proft substantially from regular programs."清楚地表明了"exceptional children"指的是智力超常的儿童，因此A项不正确。文章的第四段对"All men are created equal"在教育中的含义给予了具体的解释，即"每个孩子具有得到帮助、学到能力极限的权利"，因此B项错误。本文的宗旨是赞同学校对超常儿童与普通儿童采用不同的教学计划；法律确认的是所有孩子享有适当的教育的权利，这包括超常儿童的潜能得以最大发挥的权利，因此C项不对。D项意为"学校通常的教学计划不能满足超常儿童充分发挥潜能的需要"。"调整教学计划适应超常儿童的必要性"是本文的中心，这与D项内容一致，故选D。

[单选题]下列关于学校及其他教育机构的权利和义务说法错误的是( )。

依据本校情况调整收取标准的权利

解析：《中华人民共和国教育法》第二十九条规定：学校及其他教育机构应当履行遵照国家有关规定收取费用并用公开收费项目的义务。而非学校自行规定。故答案选B。

[单选题]下列武器中，在第二次世界大战过程中首次研发成功，并用于战争的是( )。

原子弹

解析：原子弹是第二次世界大战时期，美国最先研发并使用的原子武器，1945年投掷到日本的广岛和长崎。坦克、重型机枪和潜艇都是在第一次世界大战中大量使用的武器。故选择C。

[单选题]在一次心理学知识测试中，关于短时记忆的容量单位，学生们的答案涉及下列四种，其中正确的是( )。

组块

解析：短时记忆是指人脑中的信息在一分钟之内加工与编码的记忆，是信息从感觉记忆到长时记忆的过渡阶段。信息在头脑中储存的时间比瞬时记忆长一些，但一般不会超过1分钟，一般是30秒左右。短时记忆容量有限，一般为7±2个组块。因此短时记忆的容量单位是组块。