正确答案: D

Where Do Creativity Moments Come?

题目：请阅读 Passage 1,完成1~5小题。 　　Passage 1 　　In the field of psychology,there has long been a certain <u>haziness</u> surrounding the definition of creativity,an I-know-it-when-I-see-it attitude that has eluded a precise formulation.During our conversation,Mark Beeman,a cognitive neuroscientist at Northwestern University,told me that he used to be reluctant to tell people what his area of study was,for fear of being dismissed or misunderstood.What,for instance,crosses your mind when you think of creativity? Well,we know that someone is creative if he produces new things or has new ideas.And yet,as John Kounios,a psychologist at Drexel University who collaborates frequently with Beeman,points out,that view is wrong,or at least not entirely right."Creativity is the process,not the product," he says. 　　To illustrate,Beeman offers an example.Imagine someone who has never used or seen a paperclip and is struggling to keep a bunch ofpapers together.Then the person comes up with a new way of bending a stiff wire to hold the papers in place. "<u>That</u> was very creative," Beeman says.On the flip side,if someone works in a new field-Beeman gives the example of nanotechnology-anything that he produces may be considered inherently "creative".But was the act of producing it actually creative? As Beeman put it,"Not all artists are creative.And some accountants are very creative." 　　Insight,however,has proved less difficult to define and to study.Because it arrives at a specific moment in time,you can isolate it,examine it,and analyze its characteristics."Insight is only one part of creativity," Beeman says."But we can measure it.We have a temporal marker that something just happened in the brain.I'd never say that's all of creativity,but it's a central, identifiable component." When scientists examine insight in the lab.they are looking at what types of attention and thought processes lead to that moment of synthesis: If you are trying to facilitate 　　a breakthrough,are there methods you can use that help? If you feel stuck on a problem,are there tricks to get you through? 　　In a recent study,Beeman and Kounios followed people's gazes as they attempted to solve what's called the remote-associates test,in which the subject is given a series of words,like "pine" "crab" and "sauce" and has to think of a single word that can logically be paired with all of them.They wanted to see if the direction of a person's eyes and her rate ofblinking could shed light on her approach and on her likelihood of success.It turned out that if the subject looked directly at a word and focused on it-that is,blinked less frequently,signaling a higher degree of close attention-she was more likely to be thinking in an analytical,convergent fashion,going through possibilities that made sense and systematically discarding those that didn't.If she looked at "pine" say,she might.be thinking of words like "tree" "cone" and "needle" ,then testing each option to see if it fit with the other words.When the subject stopped looking at any specific worD.either by moving her eyes or by blinking,she was more likely to think of broader,more abstract associations.That is a more insight-oriented approach."You need to learn not just to stare but to look outside your focus," Beeman says.(The solution to this remote-associates test: "apple" .) 　　As it turns out,by simple following someone's eyes and measuring her blinks and fixation times,Beeman's group can predict how someone will likely solve a problem and when she is nearing that solution.That's an important consideration for would-be creative minds: it helps us understand how distinct patterns of attention may contribute to certain kinds ofinsights.

解析：主旨题。文章前两段主要讲了creativity的定义。第三段指出insight是creativity的核心组成部分；虽然creativity不容易理解，但insight比较容易定义和研究。第四段描述了一个实验，实验目的是发现attention和insight之间的关系。第五段指出实验结果，即不同类型的attention能够影响insight，这给了想拥有创造力的人( would-be creative minds) -个重大的启示。由此可以推断，attention能够影响insight，从而产生creativity。可见文章从探讨creativity的定义，到研究insight，归根到底是想发现怎样成为有创造力的人。D项“Where Do Creativity Moments Come?”作为本文的标题最恰当。

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学习资料的答案和解析：

[单选题]In my opinion, she is kind and polite, so I put her rudeness today down as ______.

accidental

解析：在我看来，她和蔼又懂礼貌，所以，我认为她今天的粗鲁是偶然的。D选项，偶然的，意外的，综上，故选择D。考点延伸：A项，ordinary，普通的。B项，unt.mely，不合适的，发生过早的。C项，progressive，渐进的，日益增多的。

[多选题]校园文化是影响学生发展的因素之一，在课程类型上它属于隐性课程。( )

[单选题] He had an ______ habit of emptying ash trays out of his upstairs window.

objectionable

解析：考查形容词辨析。句意为"他有一个让人厌恶的习惯，直接从楼上的窗户往下倒烟灰"。 impolite"不礼貌的"，objectionable"令人不快的，令人反感的，讨厌的"，uneducated"未受过良好教育的，文盲的"， afflicting"痛苦的"。故选B。

[单选题]品德的核心是( )。

道德认知

解析：道德认识是对道德行为准则及其执行意义的认识，是个体品德中的核心部分。