正确答案: C

Questions should be focused on those who can answer them.

题目：When the teacher asks questions,which one should be EXCEPTed?

解析：本题考查课堂提问。课堂学习是学生集体的活动，教师提出的每一个问题者都应尽量产生群体效益，保证全体学生都有时间、有动力对问题进行思考。提问以及问题的设置应该考虑全体学生。故本题选C。

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学习资料的答案和解析：

[单选题]邻居张阿姨发现小明浑身是伤，询问过后才知是醉酒的父亲将其打完后撵出家门，张阿姨气不过，敲门劝阻。而小明父亲以家事不需外人过问为由将其痛骂一顿。以下说法正确的是( )。

针对侵犯未成年合法权益的行为，张阿姨有权劝阻，甚至向有关部门提出检举。

解析：《中华人民共和国未成年人保护法》第六条规定：保护未成年人，是国家机关、武装力量、政党、社会团体、企业事业组织、城乡基层群众性自治组织、未成年人的监护人和其他成年公民的共同责任。故A错误。"对侵犯未成年人合法权益的行为，任何组织和个人都有权予以劝阻、制止或者向有关部门提出检举或者控告。"因此D正确。

[单选题] Is language, like food, a basic human need without which a child at a critical period of life can be starved and damaged? Judging from the drastic experiment of Frederick in the thirteenth century, it may be. Hoping to discover what language a child would speak if he heard no mother tongue, he told the nurses to keep silent. All the infants died before the first year. But clearly there was more than lack of language here. What was missing was good mothering. Without good mothering, in the first year of life especially, the capacity to survive is seriously affected. Today no such severe lack exists as that ordered by Frederick. Nevertheless, some children are still backward in speaking. Most often the reason for this is that the mother is insensitive to the signals of the infant, whose brain is programmed to learn language rapidly. If these sensitive periods are neglected, the ideal time for acquiring skills passes and they might never be learned so easily again. A bird learns to sing and to fly rapidly at right time, but the process is slow and hard once the critical stage has passed. Experts suggest that speech stages are reached in a fixed sequence and at a constant age, but there are cases where speech has started late in a child who eventually tums out to be of high IQ. At twelve weeks a baby smiles and utters vowel-like sounds; at twelve months he can speak simple words and understand simple commands; at eighteen months he has a vocabulary of three to fifty words. At three he knows about 1,000 words which he can put into sentences, and at four his language differs from that of his parents in style rather than grammar. Recent evidence suggests that an infant is born with the capacity to speak. What is special about man's brain, compared with that of the monkey, is the complex system which enables a child to connect the sight and feel of, say, a teddy-bear with the sound pattern "teddy-bear". And even more incredible is the young brain's ability to pick out an order in language from the mixture of'sound around him, to analyze, to combine and recombine the parts of a language in new ways. But speech has to be induced, and this depends on interaction between the mother and the child, where the mother recognizes the signals in the child's babbling, grasping and smiling, and responds to them. Insensitivity of the mother to these signals dulls the interaction because the child gets discouraged and sends out only the obvious signals. Sensitivity to the child's non-verbal signals is essential to the growth and development of language.

If a child starts to speak later than others, he will ________ in future.

not necessarily be backward

解析：1.细节题。短文第一段中指出“…to discover what language a child would speak if he heard no mother tongue”由此可知Frederick实验的目的是：假设孩子在听不见母语的情况下，会说什么语言。 2.细节题。根据短文第二段第三句“Most often the reason for this is that the mother is insensitive to the signals of the infant…”可知孩子说话较晚是由于母亲对婴儿所发出的语言暗示和信号无动于衷，没有充分的注意和重视。故选项C正确。 3.细节题。根据第四段最后一句“And even more mcredible is the young brain's ability to pick out an order in language from the mixture of sound around him, to analyze, to combine and recombine the parts of a language in new ways.”可知不可思议的是孩子可以重新组合句子的单词，说出自己的句子。故选项C正确。 4.细节题。根据短文最后一段第一句“But speech has to be induced…”可知言语需要诱发，即需要鼓励孩子说话，故D项表述不符合文意。所以选D。 5.细节题。短文第三段指出“…but there are cases where speech has started late in a child who eventually tums out to be of high IQ”即也存在这种状况：孩子开始说话晚但智商很高。故选项D正确。

[单选题] Reality television is a genre of television programming which, it is claimed, presents unscripted dramatic or humorous situations, documents actual events, and features ordinary people rather than professional actors.It could be described as a form of artificial or "heightened" documentary.Although the genre has existed in some form or another since the early years of television, the current explosion of popularity dates from around2000. Reality television covers a wide range of television programming formats, from game or quiz shows which resemble the frantic, often demeaning programmes produced in Japan in the1980s and1990s (a modern example is Caki No Tsukai), to surveillance-or voyeurism-focused productions such as Big Brother. Critics say that the term"reality television" is somewhat of a misnomer and that such shows frequently portray a modified and highly influenced form of reality, with participants put in exotic locations or abnormal situations, sometimes coached to act in certain ways by off-screen handlers, and with events on screen manipulated through editing and other post-production techniques. Part of reality television′s appeal is due to its ability to place ordinary people in extraordinary situations.For example, on the ABC show, The Bachelor, an eligible male dates a dozen women simultaneously, travelling on extraordinary dates to scenic locales.Reality television also has the potential to turn its participants into national celebrities, outwardly in talent and performance programs such as Pop Idol, though frequently Survivor and Big Brother participants also reach some degree of celebrity. Some commentators have said that the name"reality television" is an inaccurate description for several styles of program included in the genre.In competition-based programs such as Big Brother and Survivor, and other special-living-environment shows like The ReaL World, the producers design the format of the show and control the day-to-day activities and the environment, creating a completely fabricated world in which the competition plays out.Producers specifically select the participants, and use carefully designed scenarios, challenges, events, and settings to encourage particular behaviours and conflicts.Mark Burnett, creator of Survivor and other reality shows, has agreed with this assessment, and avoids the word"reality" to describe his shows; he has said, "I tell good stories.It really is not reality TV.It really is unscripted drama."

The term "reality television" is inaccurate________.

for special-living-environment programs

解析：1.it is claimed的意思是"据宣称"，即不是作者本人的言论，所以选项D更符合题意。 2.从文章第四段"Part of reality television′s appeal is due to its ability to place ordinary people in extraordinary situations."可知这种需求是因为能把普通人放置到不平凡的处境中，C项是该句的同义替换。 3.A、B选项说法太笼统，只有D选项在文章最后一段出现。 4.从文章第四段"Reality television also has the potential to turn its paIticipants into national celebrities,outwardly in talent and performance programs such as Pop Idol,though frequently Survivor and Big Brother participants also reach some degree of celebrity."可知选B. 5.从文章最后一段"Mark Burnett，creator of Survivor and other reality shows，has agreed with this assessment，and avoids the word'reality' to describe his shows"可知Mark Burnett也认为称它为"reality television"是不准确的，并且避免用reality这个词汇。

[单选题]在归因训练中，老师要求学生尽量尝试“努力归因”，以增强他们的自信心。因为在维纳的成败归因理论中，努力属于( )。

内部的、不稳定的、可控的因素

解析：美国心理学家维纳认为人们倾向于将活动成败的原因归结为六个因素，即能力、努力程度、任务难度、运气（机遇）、身心状态、外界环境等。同时，维纳认为这六个因素可归为三个维度，即内部归因和外部归因、稳定性归因和不稳定性归因、可控制归因和不可控归因。努力程度属于内部、不稳定的、可控制因素。考点点拨：本题考查的是维纳的成败归因理论。维纳的成败归因理论是一个重要知识点，考生要牢记六因素对应的三个维度。根据其归因理论，能力属于内部、稳定性的、不可控制因素，努力程度属于内部、不稳定的、可控制因素，任务难易属于外部、稳定性的、不可控制因素，运气属于外部、不稳定的、不可控制因素，身心状态属于内部、不稳定的、不可控制因素，外界环境属于外部、不稳定的、不可控制因素。除此之外，考生还应知道如果总是把失败归于内部、稳定的、不可控因素（即能力低），则容易产生习得性无助。

[单选题]心理学研究表明，个体的遗忘曲线变化规律是( )。

先快后慢

解析：德国心理学家艾宾浩斯研究发现，遗忘在学习之后立即开始，最初的遗忘速度较快，以后逐渐减慢。

[单选题]下列属于学生学习内部动机的是( )。

喜欢听播音员纯正的普通话

解析：内部动机是人们对学习本身的兴趣所引起的动机。外部动机是由外部诱因所引起的动机。