正确答案: A

个人本位论

题目：18世纪法国思想家卢梭认为，“儿童的自然”决定教育目的，这种教育目的价值取向属于

解析：本题考查有关教育目的的理论，卢梭是个人本位论的代表人物。个人本位教育目的论的观点是：从个体本能需要出发，强调教育要服从人的成长规律和满足人的需要;注重教育对个人的价值;主张教育的目的是培养“自然人”，发展人的个性，增进人的价值，促使个人自我实现，所以此题选择A。

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学习资料的答案和解析：

[单选题]课堂提问时，刘静总是第一个给出问题的答案，有时问题未清楚就开始解答，刘静的认知方式属于( )。

冲动型

解析：在有几种可能解答的问题情境时，有些个体倾向于很快地检验假设，且常常出错，这种认知方式被称为冲动型认知方式。

[单选题]在知识的学习过程中，掌握同类事物的关键特征和本质特征属于( )。

概念学习

解析：概念学习就是要理解某类事物区别于其他事物的共同关键特征。

[单选题]小学低年级教师常利用图片，图表和模型等开展教学活动以帮助学生理解教学内容这是因为小学生的思维处于( )阶段。

物质化活动阶段

解析：物质化活动阶段的含义为物质活动是借助实物进行活动，物质化活动是指借助实物的模型、图片、样本等代替物进行活动。主要任务是引导学生通过从事物质活动或物质化活动，掌握活动的真实内容。故选择A。B选项，出声的外部言语活动阶段的特点为心智活动不直接依赖物质或物质化的客体，而是借助出声言语的形式来完成的。C选项，加里培林的心智动作按阶段形成理论没有精神化活动阶段，故排除C选项。D选项，内部言语活动阶段的特点为心智活动完全借助内部言语完成，高度简要、自动化，是很少发生错误的熟练阶段。在这一阶段，心智活动以抽象思维为其主要成分。

[单选题]杜甫诗句"丞相祠堂何处寻，锦官城外柏森森"中"锦官城"指的是( )。

成都

解析："丞相祠堂何处寻，锦官城外柏森森"该诗句出自于杜甫的《蜀相》，意为"何处去寻找武侯诸葛亮的祠堂？在成都城外那柏树茂密的地方。""锦官城"为成都的别名。故选择D。

[单选题]班主任在班级管理中的地位不包括( )。

是班级制度的贯彻者

解析：班主任在班级管理中的地位包括：班集体的设计者，班级组织的领导者、教育者，协调班级人际关系的艺术家。

[单选题] There are few more sobering online activities than entering data into college-tuition calculators and gasping as the Web spits back a six-figure sum. But economists say families about to go into debt to fund four years of partying, as well as studying, can console themselves with the knowledge that college is an investment that, unlike many bank stocks, should yield huge dividends. A 2008 study by two Harvard economists notes that the "labor-market premium to skill"-or the amount college graduates earned that's greater than what high-school graduate earned-decreased for much of the 20th century, but has come back with a vengeance since the 1980s. In 2005, the typical full-time year- round U.S. worker with a four-year college degree earned $50,900,62% more than the $31,500 earned by a worker with only a high-school diploma. There's no question that going to college is a smart economic choice. But a look at the strange variations in tuition reveals that the choice about which college to attend doesn't come down merely to dollars and cents. Does going to Columbia University (tuition, room and board $49,260 in 2007-08) yield a 40% greater return than attending the Uruversity of Colorado at Boulder as an out-of-state student ($35,542)? Probably not. Does being an out-of-state student at the University of Colorado at Boulder yield twice the amount of income as being an in-state student ($17,380) there? Not likely. No, in this consumerist age, most buyers aren't evaluating college as an investment, but rather as a consumer product-like a car or clothes or a house. And with such purchases, price is only one of many crucial factors to consider. As with automobiles, consumers in today's college marketplace have vast choices, and people search for the one that gives them the most comfort and satisfaction in line with their budgets. This accounts for the willingness of people to pay more for different types of experiences (such as attending a private liberal-arts college or going to an out-of-state public school that has a great marine-biology program). And just as two auto purchasers might spend an equal amount of money on very different cars, college students (or, more accurately, their parents) often show a willingness to pay essentially the same price for vastly different products. So which is it? Is college an investment product like a stock or a consumer product like a car? In keeping with the automotive world's hottest consumer trend, maybe it's best to characterize it as a hybrid (混合动力汽车):an expensive consumer product that, over time, will pay rich dividends.

Students who attend an in-state university can ________ in Colorado.

save a half than out-state students on tuition

解析：1.推断题。文中第三段倒数第二句提到“Does being an out-of-state student at the University of Colorado at Boulder yield twice the amount of income as being an in-state student ($17,380) there?”即在 Colorado内的学生支付的学费是$17380，仅为州外学生的一半，故选C。A、B、D都没有提到。 2.细节题。文中第二段第一句提到“…the“labor-market premium to skill”-or the amount college graduates earned that's greater than what high-school graduate earned-decreased for much of the 20th century”即在20世纪，大学生和高中毕业生之间的工资差距越来越少，选项C符合题意，故选C。 3.细节题。文中第三段有一系列的反问句，最后两句说“Does being an out-of-state student at the University of Colorado at Boulder yield twice the amount of income as being an in-state student ($17，380) there? Not likely.”即更高的学费并不代表以后会有更高的收入，即它们之间的关系很小，故选B。 4.细节题。文中第一段最后一句提到“…fund four years of partying，as well as studying， can console themselves with the knowledge that college is an investment that, unlike many bank stocks, should yield huge dividends”即：不像是许多银行的股票，四年的学习应该可以带来巨大的利润。即把大学教育当成了一项明智的投资，故选D。 5.态度题。文中最后一段最后一句提到“In keeping with the automotive world's hottest consumer trend, maybe it's best to characterize it as a hybrid; an expensive consumer product that, over time，will pay rich dividends”即大学是项昂贵的投资，但随着时间的推移，可能会有很丰富的利润，故选B。

[多选题]材料： 　　明月清泉自在怀 孙见喜 　　读王维的《山居秋暝》时年龄还小，想象不来"松间明月"的高洁，也不懂得"清泉石上"是怎么样。我虽然诗句背得滚瓜烂熟，其意义依然不懂。什么空山，清泉，渔舟，这些田园风物也只是朦胧，而乡野情致则更模糊了。 　　后来上了大学，有了些古文功底，常常自豪于同窗学友，翻来覆去的"明月松间照，清泉石上流"，也能时常获得师长赞许。而后来深入乡村，那儿有田，却无松竹流泉；及至上了华山、峨眉山，并且专在月夜听泉，古刹闻钟，乘江南渔舟，访溪边浣女，都是寻找王维《山居秋暝》的那种灿烂意境，都为了却"明月松间照，清泉石上流"的那份执着情结，一段时间，于世人纷杂之中，自以为林泉在胸，甚至以渔樵野老自居，说和同事纠纷，劝解祸中难人。自以为心中有了王维，就了却了人间烦恼，看透了红尘纷争；更自以为一壶清茶，便可笑谈古今。 　　真正进入了人生的生存程序一一结婚、生子、住房、柴米油盐等等，才知道青年时代"明月松间照"式的"超脱"，只不过是少年时代"为赋新词强说愁"的浮雕和顺延。真正对王维和他的诗的理解，是在经历了无数生命体验和阅历的堆积之后。人之一生，苦也罢，乐也罢；得也罢，失也罢--要紧的是心间的一泓清泉里不能没有月辉，哲学家培根说过："历史使人明智，诗歌使人灵秀。"顶上的松阴，足下的流泉以及坐下的磐石，何曾因宠辱得失而抛却自在？又何曾因风霜雨雪而易移萎缩？它们自我踏实，不变心性，才有了千年的阅历，万年长久，也有了诗人的神韵和学者的品性。我不止 　　一次地造访过终南山翠华池边那棵苍松，也每年数次带着外地朋友去观览黄帝陵下汉武帝亲手所植的古柏，还常常携着孩子在碑林前面的唐槐边盘桓……这些木中的祖宗，旱天雷摧折过它们的骨干，三九冰冻裂过它们的树皮，甚至它们还挨过野樵顽童的斧斫和毛虫鸟雀的啮啄，然而它们全都无言地忍受了。它们默默地自我修复、自我完善。到头来，这风霜雨雪，这刀斧虫雀，统统化做了其根下营养自身的泥土和涵育情操的"胎盘"。这是何等的气度和胸襟？相形之下，那些不惜以自己的尊严和人格与金钱地位、功名利禄作交换，最终腰缠万贯、飞黄腾达的小人的蝇营狗苟算得了什么，且让他暂去得逞又能怎样？ 　　王维实在是唐朝的爱因斯坦，他把山水景物参悟得那么透彻。坦诚、执着、自识，使王维远离了贪婪、附庸、嫉妒的装饰，从而永葆了自身人品、诗品顽强的生命力。谁又能说不呢？的确，"空山"是一种胸襟，"新雨"是一种态度，"天气"是一种环境，"晚来"是瞬间的境遇。"竹喧"也罢，"莲动"也罢，"春芳"也罢，"王孙"也罢，生活中的诱惑实在太多太多，而物质的欲望永无止境，什么都要的结果最终只能是什么都没有得到。惟有甘于清贫甘于寂寞，自始至终保持独立的人格，这才是人生"取之不尽，用之不竭"的精神财富。"明月松间照"，照一片娴静淡泊寄寓我无所栖息的灵魂；"清泉石上流"，流一江春水细浪淘洗我劳累庸碌之身躯。浣女是个好，渔舟是个好，好的质地在于劳作，在于独立，在于思想--这是物质的创造，更是精神的明月清泉。 　　问题： 　　(1)作者写终南山的松、黄帝陵的柏和碑林前的槐，目的是什么？（4分） 　　(2)文中句子"到头来，这风霜雨雪，这刀斧虫雀，统统化做了其根下营养自身的泥土和涵育情操的"胎盘"。""什么都要的结果最终只能是什么都没有得到。"有什么深刻含义？（10分）