正确答案: B

维生素

题目：大航海时代，长期在海上航行的水手经常得坏血病，有些水手上岸后吃些柑橘、蔬菜，坏血病就痊愈了。科学家研究发现，果蔬中存在着一种可治愈坏血病的物质。该物质是

解析：坏血病又称维生素C缺乏症，是维生素C缺乏或长期摄入不足所致的疾病。病期患者应多进食富含维生素C的食物，包括新鲜水果和绿色蔬菜等。

查看原题 查看所有试题

学习资料的答案和解析：

[单选题]下列选项中，不违背教师职业道德规范的做法是()。

教师节接受学生自绘贺卡

解析：《中小学教师职业道德规范》（1997年修订）规定"廉洁从教"规定，教师要为人师表，作风正派，廉洁奉公。自觉抵制有偿家教，不利用职务之便谋取私利。对于学生送的礼物，如果是自制的表达对老师的喜爱的小礼物，可以适当接受；如果是比较贵重的的礼物，则应该婉拒。故选择A。

[单选题]考试作为一种评价方式能够评价学生的学习效果，强化学生学习的欲望。但仅凭考试成绩来评价学生，可能会使学生变成"书呆子"。上述事实表明( )。

教育既有正向显性功能，又有负向隐性功能

解析：教育的显性功能是指教育活动依照教育目的，在实际运行中所出现的与之相吻合的效果。考试能够评价学生的学习效果，强化学生学习的欲望是教育的正向显性功能。教育的隐性功能是指伴随显性功能所出现的非预期性的功能。仅凭考试成绩来评价学生，又会使学生变成"书呆子"，是伴随考试所出现的非预期性的功能，是教育的负向隐性功能。

[单选题]班级管理的模式有：常规管理、平行管理、民主管理、( )。

目标管理

解析：班级管理的主要模式有常规管理、平行管理、民主管理和目标管理。(1)班级常规管理是指通过制定和执行规章制度去管理班级的经常性活动。(2)班级平行管理是指班主任既通过对集体的管理去间接影响个人，又通过对个人的直接管理去影响集体，从而把对集体和个人的管理结合起来的管理方式。(3)班级民主管理是指班级成员在服从班集体的正确决定和承担责任的前提下，参与班级管理的一种管理方式。(4)班级目标管理是指班主任与学生共同确定班级总体目标，然后转化为小组目标和个人目标，使其与班级总体目标融为一体，形成目标体系，以此推进班级管理活动、实现班级目标的管理方法。

[单选题]请阅读 Passage 2,完成1~5小题。 　　Passage 2 　　IF YOU want something done,the saying goes,give it to a busy person.It is an odd way to guarantee hitting deadlines.But a paper recently published in the Journal of Consumer Research suggests it may,in fact,be true-as long as the busy person conceptualises the deadline in the right way. 　　Yanping Tu of the University of Chicago and Dilip Soman of the University of Toronto 　　examined how individuals go about both thinking about and completing tasks.Previous studies have shown that such activity progresses through four distinct phases: pre-decision,post-decision (but pre-action),action and review.It is thought that what motivates the shift from the decision-making stages to the doing-something stage is a change in mindset. 　　Human beings are a deliberative sort,weighing the pros and cons of future actions and remaining open to other ideas and influences.However,once a decision is taken,the mind becomes more "implemental" and focuses on the task at hand."The mindset towards 'where can I get a sandwich'," explains Ms Tu,"is more implemental than the mindset towards 'should I get a sandwich or not?'" 　　Ms Tu and Dr Soman advise in their paper that "the key step in getting things done is to get started." But what drives that? They believe the key that unlocks the implemental mode lies in how people categorise time.They suggest that tasks are more likely to be viewed with an implemental mindset if an imposed deadline is cognitively linked to "now" -a so-called like-the-present scenario.That might be a future date within the same month or calendar year,or pegged to an event with a familiar spot in the mind's timeline (being given a task at Christmas,say,with a deadline of Easter).Conversely,they suggest,a deadline placed outside such mental constructs (being "unlike-the-present" ) exists merely as a circle on a calendar,and as such is more likely to be considered deliberatively and then ignored until the last minute. 　　To flesh out this ideA.the pair carried out five sets of tests,with volunteers ranging from farmers in India to undergraduate students in Toronto.In one test,the farmers were offered a financial incentive to open a bank account and make a deposit within six months.The researchers predicted those approached in June would consider a deadline before December 31st as like-the-present.Those approached in July,by contrast,received a deadline into the next year,and were expected to think of their deadline as unlike-the-present.The distinction worked.Those with a deadline in the same year were nearly four times more likely to open the account immediately as those for whom the deadline lay in the following year.Arbitrary though calendars may be in parsing up the continuous fiow of time,humans parse their concept of time in line with them. 　　The effect can manifest itselfin even subtler ways.In another set of experiments,undergraduate students were given a calendar on a Wednesday and were asked to suggest an appropriate day to carry out certain tasks before the following Sunday.The trick was that some were given a calendar with all of the weekdays coloured purple,with weekends in beige (making a visual distinction between a Wednesday and the following Sunday).Others were given a calendar in which every other week,Monday to Sunday,was a solid colour (meaning that a Wednesday and the following Sunday were thus in the same week,and in the same colour).Even this minor visual cue affected how like-or unlike-the-present the respondents tended to view task priorities. 　　These and other bits of framing and trickery in the research support the same thesis: that making people link a future event to today triggers an implemental response,regardless of how far in the future the deadline actually lies.If the journey of l,000 miles starts with a single step,the authors might suggest that you take that step before this time next week.

Why can a busy person hit deadline to the present according to the passage?

He is good at making decisions.

解析：推断题。根据题意，首先排除D项，因为D项和题意重合，并未说明原因。根据文章第一、二段可知，繁忙的人可以通过正确的决定将事情在截止日期前完成，而不是A项“更加珍惜时间”或者C项“立即完成事情”，故本题选B。

[多选题]材料： 　　三个学生进商店，分别买饮料。一个人说，我喜欢喝果汁，味道是甜的；另一个人说，我喜欢喝咖啡，苦中带甜；还有一个人说，我喜欢矿泉水，味道是淡的。一位教师听见了，若有所思。 　　根据上述材料给你的启示，联系实际，写一篇作文。要求：用规范的现代汉语写作。不要脱离材料内容或含义，题目自拟，立意自定，观点明确，分析具体，条理清晰，语言流畅。不少于1000字。

解析：【解析】写作思路： 　　(1)题目立意有难度，主题可以为"纷繁复杂的世界多样性"、"尊重世界的多样性"或"多样的世界更美好"等，因为材料中说不同的职业给人的形象不同，在列举出其他几个职业后直接问教师给人的形象。 　　(2)可以写议论文，从多样世界的表现形式、多样世界在一起构建的美好等进行写作。选择较为灵活，没有固定的套路。 　　(3)世界多样性的例子很多，可以涉及诸多领域，注意事业的开阔性。 　　（一）评分标准： 　　一等(50-38)紧密围绕教育背景、教师身份写作，立意切合"世界多样性""世界因多样而美好""尊重差异因材施教"等题意，中心突出，内容充实、情真意切、结构严谨、文体明确、语言优美、引经据典、字体优美；（教育学、心理学、教师职业素养，结合教育场景、学生心理，站在教育事业发展、教育体制改革的维度书写） 　　二等(37-25)站在教师立场思考主题，中心符合"重视个性""对学生一视同仁"等角度，中心明确，内容较充实、感情真实、结构完整、文体突出、语言通顺、字迹清楚；（符合教师的职业素养，稍微联系理论和现实） 　　三等(24-12)中心基本符合题意、基本明确，内容单薄、感情基本真实、结构基本完整、文体基本符合、语言基本通顺、字迹潦草： 　　四等(11-0)"三观"观念错误，中心偏离题意、不明或立意不当、内容空洞、文体不明、矫揉造作、结构混乱、语病多、字迹难辨。（不具备作为教师的基本素质和辨别是非的能力，基本写作能力欠缺） 　　（二）写作硬性扣分项目：写作与文章相关的硬伤主要集中在内容残缺和语言表达基本功上，主要几大硬性扣分项目有：标题：不写，扣5分；文章结尾：不写，字数多于600字，扣10分；少于600字，残文11分以下；语句错误：2个扣1分，5个扣3分，多余5个，字句错误降等，降12分。

[单选题]儿童在知道"橘子""苹果""水蜜桃"等概念之后，再学习"水果"概念，这种学习是( )。

上位学习

解析：上位学习是指新概念、新命题具有较广的包容面或较高的概括水平，这时，新知识通过把一系列已有观念包含于其下而获得意义，新学习的内容便与学生认知结构中已有观念产生了一种上位关系。