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题目：行为改变都是学习的结果。

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[单选题]The Ancient Greek philosopher Pythagorasis best known today for his mathematicaltheorem, which haunts the dreams ofmany geometry students, but for centurieshe was also celebrated as the father ofvegetarianism. A meatless diet was referred to as a “Pythagorean diet” for years, up until themodern vegetarian movement began in themid-1800s. 　　While Pythagoras was an early proponent of ameatless diet, humans have been vegetarianssince well before recorded history. Most anthropologists agree that early humanswould have eaten a predominantly plant-based diet; after all, plants can't run away.Additionally, our digestive systems resemblethose of herbivores closer than carnivorous animals. Prehistoric man ate meat, of course,but plants formed the basis of his diet. 　　Pythagoras and his many followers practicedvegetarianism for several reasons, mainly dueto religious and ethical objections. Pythagoras believed all living beings had souls. Animalswere no exception, so meat and fish were banished from his table. Strangely enough, he also banished a vegetable that has a place ofhonor on most vegetarian menus today, thehumble bean. His followers were forbidden to eat or even touch beans, because he thought beans and humans were created from thesame material. Fava beans were especially bad, as they have hollow steams that could allow the souls of the dead to travel up fromthe soil into the growing beans. 　　While the edict against beans was liftednot long after Pythagoras' death, hisfollowers continued to eat a meatless diet.His principles influenced generations of academics and religious thinkers, and it was a group of these like-minded individuals whofounded the Vegetarian Society in English inthe mid-1800s. The virtues of temperance,abstinence and self-control were all tied tovegetarian ideals, while lust, drunkenness and general hooliganism all resulted from a diet too rich in meat products. Notable earlyvegetarians included Leo Tolstoy, George Bernard Shaw, Mahatma Gandhi and American Bronson Alcott, a Transcendentalist teacher,reformer and the father of “Little Women”author Louisa May Alcott. 　　It wasn't until the 1960s that vegetarianismmoved into mainstream American life and themovement's growth picked up speed in the 1970s when a young graduate student namedFrancis Moore Lappe wrote a book called Diet for a Small Planet. In it, she advocated ameatless diet not for ethical or moral reasons,but because plant-based foods have muchless impact on the environment than meat does. Today, many vegetarians refuse meat because of animal rights issues, or concernsover animal treatment, a principle first espoused in Peter Singer's 1975 work AnimalLiberation.

Which of the following statements fails to be inferred from the passage?

After his death, Pythagoras followers continued to eat beans.

解析：句意为“以下哪个选项不能从文章中推断出来？”。A项，意为“毕达哥拉斯支持并且践行不吃肉”，根据文章第一段可知毕达哥拉斯是“素食主义之父”。B项，意为“毕达哥拉斯死后，他的追随者继续吃豆子”，根据第二段可知毕达哥拉斯生前认为豆子和人类是有灵魂的，因此禁止他的追随行吃豆子。再根据第四段第一句话“Wh.le the edict against beans was lifted not long afterPythagoras' death, his followers continued to eat a meatless diet.”可知，尽管在毕达哥拉斯死后，不吃豆子这一点没有坚持太久，但是他的追随者仍然坚持不吃肉。C项，意为“毕达哥拉斯影响了很多不吃肉的人”根据第四段第二句“His principles influenced generations of academics and religious thinkers.”可推断毕达哥拉斯影响了几代学者、思想家及个人。D项，意为“毕达哥拉斯出于宗教和伦理的原因拒绝吃肉”根据第二段第一句“Pythagoras and his manyfollowers practiced vegetarianism for severalreasons,mainly due to religious and ethicalobjections.”可知，毕达哥拉斯和他的追随者坚持实践素食主义主要是出于宗教和道德原因。根据第三段可知Pythagoras生前认为豆子和人类一样是有灵魂的，因此禁止追随者吃豆子。故选择B。

[单选题]22.请阅读Passage 2,完成第1～5小题。 　　Passage 2 　　Shay asked,“Do you think they'll let me play?”Shay's father knew that most of the boyswould not want someone like Shay on their team,but the father also understood that if his son,mentally and physically disabled,were allowed to play,it would give him a much-needed sense of belonging and some confidence. 　　Shay's father approached one of the boys on the field and asked if Shay could play,not expecting much.The boy looked around and said,We're losing by six runs and the game is in the eighth inning.I guess he can be on our team and we'll try to put him in to bat in the final inning. 　　Shay struggled over to the team's bench and put on a team shirt with a broad smile and hisfather had a small tear in his eye and warmth in heart.The boys saw the father's joy at his son being accepted. 　　In the bottom of the eighth inning,Shay's team scored a few runs but was still behind by three.In the top of the final inning,Shay put on a glove and played in the field.Even though no hits camehis way,he was obviously joyful just to be in the game and on the field.In the bottom of the finalinning,Shay's team scored again.Now,Shay was scheduled to be next at bat.Would they let Shay bat and give away their chance to win the game? 　　Surprisingly,Shay was given the bat.Everyone knew that a hit was alruost impossible.Thefirst pitch came and Shay missed.The pitcher again took a few steps forward to throw the ball softlytowards Shay.As the pitch came in,Shay swung at the ball and hit a slow ground ball right back tothe pitcher. 　　The pitcher could have easily thrown the ball to the first baseman and Shay would have beenout and that would have been the end of the game.Instead,the pitcher threw the ball right over thehead of the first baseman,beyond the reach of all teammates.The audience and the players from both teams started screaming,“Shay,run to first!”Never in his life had Shay ever run that far butmade it to first base,wide-eyed and shocked. 　　Everyone shouted,“Run to second!”Catching his breath,Shay awkwardly ran towards second.By the time Shay rounded towards second base,the smallest guy on their team,who had a chance to be the hero for his team for the first time,could have thrown the ball to the second baseman,but heunderstood the pitcher's intentions and he too intentionally threw the ball high and far over the third baseman's head. 　　All were screaming,“Shay,Shay,Shay,all the way Shay.”Shay reached third base whenone opposing player ran to help him and shouted,“Shay,run to third.”as Shay rounded third,allwere on their feet,crying,“Shay,run home!”Shay ran to home,stepped on the home base and was cheered as the hero who won the game for his team. 　　That day,the boys from both teams helped bring a piece of true love and humanity into this world.Shay didn't make it to another summer and died that winter,having never forgotten being thehero and making his father so happy and coming home and seeing his mother tearfully hug her littlehero ofthe day!

The smallest boy threw the ball high and far over the third baseman's head,probably 　　because that boy__________.

was obviously aware of the pitcher's purpose

解析：细节题。根据原文倒数第三段的“...but he understood the pitcher's intentions and hetoo intentionally threw the ball high and far over the third baseman's head.”可知本题选A。

[单选题]《中华人民共和国义务教育法》规定由( )，确定义务教育的教学制度、教学内容和课程设置。

国务院教育主管部门

解析：《中华人民共和国义务教育法》第三十五条规定，国务院教育行政部门根据适龄儿童、少年身心发展的状况和实际情况，确定教学制度、教学内容和课程设置等。故选择C。

[单选题]我国当前的教育目的："培养( )等全面发展的社会主义建设者和接班人。"

德智体美

解析：我国当前的教育目的是由《中华人民共和国教育法》所规定的，所以需要依据法律规定原文来做本题。2009年8月27日第一次修订的《中华人民共和国教育法》第一章第五条规定：教育必须为社会主义现代化建设服务，必须与生产劳动相结合，培养德、智、体等方面全面发展的社会主义事业的建设者和接班人。"2015年12月27日第二次修订的《中华人民共和国教育法》第一章第五条规定："教育必须为社会主义现代化建设服务、为人民服务，必须与生产劳动和社会实践相结合，培养德、智、体、美等方面全面发展的社会主义建设者和接班人。"两版不同之处有二：1.旧版规定教育"必须与生产劳动相结合"，新版规定教育"必须与生产劳动和社会实践相结合"：2.旧版规定教育"培养德、智、体等方面全面发展"，新版规定教育"培养德、智、体、美等方面全面发展"。故应该按照新版选择，选B。我国当前的教育目的是由《中华人民共和国教育法》所规定的，所以需要依据法律规定原文来做本题。2009年8月27日第一次修订的《中华人民共和国教育法》第一章第五条规定："教育必须为社会主义现代化建设服务，必须与生产劳动相结合，培养德、智、体等方面全面发展的社会主义事业的建设者和接班人。"2015年12月27日第二次修订的《中华人民共和国教育法》第一章第五条规定："教育必须为社会主义现代化建设服务、为人民服务，必须与生产劳动和社会实践相结合，培养德、智、体、美等方面全面发展的社会主义建设者和接班人。"两版不同之处有二：1.旧版规定教育"必须与生产劳动相结合"，新版规定教育"必须与生产劳动和社会实践相结合"：2.旧版规定教育"培养德、智、体等方面全面发展"，新版规定教育"培养德、智、体、美等方面全面发展"。故应该按照新版选择，选B。此外，虽然这个题选择"德智体美"，但是如果只是问我国全面教育的构成包括什么，那么还是"德智体美劳"要选全。

[单选题]“江边枫落菊花黄，少长登高望一乡。”描述的是 　　( )。

重阳

解析：农历九月初九为“重阳”。有登高望远、赏菊赋诗、喝菊花酒、插茱萸等习俗：现定为老人节。故答案D。A选项，清明节，我国四大传统节日之一。按农历算在三月上半月，按阳历算则在每年四月五日或六日。其习俗有扫墓、踏青、荡秋千、放风筝、插柳戴花等。B选项，端午节，我国四大传统节日之一。在农历五月初五。一般认为，该节与纪念屈原有关。主要民俗活动有：以吃粽子、赛龙舟等来悼念他。端午习俗有喝雄黄酒、挂香袋、吃粽子、插花和菖蒲、斗百草、驱“五毒”等。C选项，中秋节，我国四大传统节日之一，又称团圆节。农历八月在秋季之中，八月十五又在八月之中，故称中秋。中秋节的主要习俗有赏月、祭月、观潮、吃月饼等。