正确答案: D

He lost much weight in the high altitude Andes.

题目： Looking for a new weight loss plan? Try living on top of a mountain. Mountain air contains less oxygen than air at lower altitudes, so breathing it causes the heart to beat faster and the body to bum more energy. A handful of studies have found that athletes training at high altitudes tend to lose weight. Doctor Florian Lippl of the University Hospital of Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich wondered how the mountain air would affect overweight individuals if they weren't doing any more physical activity than usual. Lippl and his colleagues invited 200verweight men to an environmental research station about 300 meters below the summit of Zugspitze, a mountain around 2,970 meters near the Austrian border. They were allowed to eat as much as they liked. The men also gave blood so that researchers could test for hormones(荷尔蒙) linked to appetite and fatness. At the end of the week, the men, whose mean weight starting out was 105 kg, had lost on average about 1.5 kg. The men's blood pressure also dropped, which the researchers attributed to weight lost. Exactly what caused the weight loss is uncertain. Loss of appetite is common at higher altitudes, and indeed the men ate significantly less than usual-about 700 calories fewer per day. Lippl also notes that because their consumption was being recorded, they may have been more self-conscious about what they ate. Regardless, eating less accounts for just 1 kg of the 1.5 kg lost, says Lippl. He thinks the increased metabolic rate, which was measured, also contributed to weight loss but cannot separate the different effects with the given data. Appetite loss at high altitudes could certainly be key, notes Damian Bailey, a physiologist at the University of Glamorgan, UK, who recently lost 11 kg during a 3-month expedition to the Andes in Chile. Unfortunately, for the average person there's no treatment that can resemble living at high altitude, says Lippl. The only alternative is a hypobaric chamber, which exposes subjects to low oxygen and isn't practical as a therapy. He says, half-jokingly,"if fat people plan their holidays, they might not go to the sea, but maybe to the mountains."

解析：1.细节题。文章第一段第三句指出“Mountain air contains less oxygen than air at lower altitudes，so breathing it causes the heart to beat faster and the body to burn more energy.”即山上空气所含的氧气少于低海拔地区，所以呼吸时心脏跳动更快，身体也消耗更多的能量。由此可知心率与氧气含量多少有关。故选D。 2.细节题。根据文章第二段中“…researchers could test for hormones linked to appetite and fatness”可知hormones会影响食欲和肥胖，即体重。故选A。 3.细节题。第三段第二句指出“…the men ate significantly less than usual-about 700 calories fewer per day”由此可知，选项B正确。 4.细节题。根据文章第四段可知，Damian Bailey认同高海拔地区能影响人的食欲，从而影响体重．因为他在安第斯山脉考察的3个月里瘦了11公斤。故选D。 5.推断题。根据短文最后一句“He says，half-jokingly，if fat people…”中half-jokingly (半开玩笑地)可推断出Lippl在谈到通过去高原地区度假这种方式来减肥是随意的，开玩笑的。故选A。

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学习资料的答案和解析：

[单选题]赫尔巴特所代表的传统教育思想的核心一般被概括为：教材中心、课堂中心和( )。

教师中心

解析：传统教育学派代表人物赫尔巴特提出的"三中心"是教材中心、课堂中心、教师中心。与他对立的现代学派杜威提出的"新三中心"是经验中心、活动中心、儿童（学生）中心。

[单选题]张老师在设置教学目标时，既考虑学生的现有知识水平，也考虑他们在老师指导下可以达到的水平。维果斯基将这两种水平之间的差距称为

最近发展区

解析：维果斯基认为，儿童有两种发展水平：一是儿童的现有水平，即由一定的已经完成的发展系统所形成的儿童心理机能的发展水平;二是即将达到的发展水平，儿童在有指导的情况下，借助成人帮助所能达到的解决问题的水平。这两种水平之间的差异就是最近发展区。题干中的张老师所考虑的两种水平之间的差距即为维果斯基提出的最近发展区。

[单选题]Textbook writing should comply with principles of interest, flexibility and openness, development and expansibility, science and ________.

thought

解析：考查教材编写原则。教材编写应遵循以下原则：发展性和拓展性原则、科学性和思想性原则、趣味性原则、灵活性和开放性原则。

[多选题]马斯洛认为人的基本需要有( )。

生理需要

安全需要

爱与归属的需要

尊重需要

解析：马斯洛认为人有七种基本需要，分别为生理需要、安全需要、归属与爱的需要、尊重的需要、认知需要、审美需要和自我实现的需要。

[多选题]教育中针对所有学生"一刀切"的做法违背了个体身心发展的不均衡性。( )

解析：教育中针对学生"一刀切"的做法违背了个体身心发展的阶段性。个体身心发展的不均衡性要求教育要适时而教，抓住关键期进行教育。

[单选题]"一两的遗传胜过一吨的教育"的观点属于( )。

遗传决定论

解析："一两遗传胜过一吨的教育"是美国教育家和心理学家霍尔提出来的，这是一种遗传决定论的观点。遗传决定论又称内发论，强调人的身心发展的力量主要来源于人自身的内在需要，代表人物有孟子、高尔顿、霍尔、威尔逊等。

[单选题]教师常用表扬，称赞等方式，激励学生学习进步，其针对的学习动机理论是( )。

强化理论

解析：强化理论的主要观点为人的学习行为倾向完全取决于某种行为与刺激因强化而建立的稳固关系，受到强化的行为比没强化的行为更倾向于再次出现，因此，不断强化可以使这种联结得到加强和巩固。认为强化能够促进学习动机。老师用表扬的方式激励学生的进步，体现的是强化理论。故选择C。A选项，自我效能感理论。自我效能感指人们对自己是否能够成功地从事某一成就行为的主观判断。班杜拉在他的动机理论中指出，人的行为受行为的结果因素与先行因素的影响。行为的结果因素即强化，包含直接强化、替代性强化和自我强化。先行因素就是通常所说的期待。期待包括结果期待和效能期待。结果期待是指人对自己的某一行为会导致某一结果的推测。效能期待是指人对自己能够进行某一行为的实施能力的推测或判断，它意味着人是否确信自己能够成功地进行带来某一结果的行为。B选项，成就动机理论。是个体为达到某一有价值的社会目标的内部动力。个体的成就动机可以分成两部分，趋向成功的倾向和避免失败的倾向。趋向成功的倾向指力求克服障碍，施展才能，从而尽快地解决某一难题的心理倾向：避免失败的倾向指为了避免因失败在他人心中形象受损时带来的。D选项，动机归因论。归因是人们对自己或他人活动及其结果的原因所作的解释和评价。心理学家韦纳对行为结果的归因进行了系统探讨，并把归因分为三个维度：内部归因与外部归因：稳定性归因和非稳定性归因：可控制归因与不可控制性归因。他又把人们活动成败的原因即行为责任主要归结为六个因素，即能力高低、努力程度、任务难易、运气好坏、身心状态和外界环境。

[单选题]以下( )不属于法律所规定的教师可享受的医疗待遇。

免费医疗

解析：《中华人民共和国教师法》第二十九条规定：教师的医疗同当地国家公务员享受同等的待遇：定期对教师进行身体健康检查，并因地制宜安排教师进行休养。医疗机构应当对当地教师的医疗提供方便。故选择C。