正确答案:

题目：材料： 　　五四运动出现了一批狂飙突进的猛将，如陈独秀、胡适、钱玄同、蔡元培、李大钊、鲁迅、周作人等。这些人站在时代的前列，高举文化批判的旗帜，面对中国传统而巩固的旧文化和旧礼教，指出它阻碍中国前进的保守性，以惊电迅雷的气势进行扫荡，从而开辟出一条通往光明的道路。他们的勇气和激情，产生于中国内忧外患的现实，产生于现实中的污垢和血腥。他们是登高一呼从者如云的英雄式人物。他们的胆略和气魄，至今尚使我们为之气壮！这些先行者，他们给中国社会送来一剂疗救病症的"药"，这药是治"心"的，是"醒魂药"。他们继承了前人奋斗的遗产，这里有戊戌变法和辛亥革命的遗产。但他们推出的新文化和新文学，却是他们的前人所未曾造出的成功。 　　冰心不是这类英雄式的人物，她更"平常"。但她响应了和参与了这种英雄业绩的创造和建设。她和五四那一代人有一种共同的性格，那就是反抗和批判。他们同样是新时代和新潮流的推动者。他们共同完成了中国20世纪伟大的精神革命。伟大的五四精神其实质在对于旧文化和旧礼教的抗争。但五四并非一味地"破坏"，它有鲜明的建设精神；五四也并非一味地"激烈"，它的本质是温情的和人性的。这些本质在那些猛将身上，是隐藏着和潜伏着的，而在另一类"非猛将"如冰心这样的人身上，则成为一种非常明显确定的品质。 　　这是充满幻想和想象力的一代人。他们从中国悠久的传统中走来，而又不满并质疑那一切。但在他们的创造中却又融进了并更新了其中有益的养分。他们未曾因批判和反抗而造成文化的"断裂"，相反，他们更生了中国文化，他们使自己成为中国最丰富和最有创造力的一代人。 　　这个让人景仰的队伍中，走着我们的冰心先生。她是最先觉悟的那些女性中的一位。她接受中国传统文化的熏陶，她又接受了教会的和美国式的教育。中西、古今文化的交汇和融合，在她那里造出了奇迹。她起步于"问题小说"的写作，成为"文学研究会"的中坚，她的创作服务于"为人生"的理想；她受秦戈尔的启发，首创"随感式"的无题小诗，发起和倡导了中国新诗史的"小诗运动"；她用通讯的方式写散文，她的《寄小读者》开辟了散文的新天地，一种崭新的抒情文体在她的笔下诞生；冰心还是新文学中儿童文学元老式的人物，也是儿童文学热情的支持者和实践者。 　　冰心毕生都在这样辛勤地创造着，直到生命的晚年，她都没有放下她所钟情的手中的笔。而且愈到晚年，她性格中潜藏的刚烈之气愈为显扬。身居郊野，不忘天下，正气凛然，疾恶如仇。所作短文，如《万般皆上品》《无士则如何》等，竞有匕首般的犀利！让人不敢相信这些文章竞出自年近百岁的老人之手！ 　　斗转星移，岁月不居，冰心走完她的百年人生长途，离我们去了。但她在我们的心目中始终是一颗不倦地燃烧着的星，这颗星已燃烧了一百年！她留给我们的是一种我们永远无法企及的高雅文采、凛然不可侵犯的尊严的精神财富。 　　（选自谢冕《这颗心燃烧了一百年》，有删改） 　　问题： 　　(1)第3自然段中说"他们更生了中国文化"，"更生"在文中的含义是什么？（4分） 　　(2)文中比较了冰心先生和陈独秀等人的异同，请你加以概括。（10分）

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学习资料的答案和解析：

[单选题]______ your valuable help, we couldn't have finished the experiment ahead of time.

Had it not been for

解析：考查虚拟语气。本题是与过去事实相反的虚拟语气，如果省略if，句子要倒装，倒装时要将助动词提前，故选B。

[单选题]人们常说的"少年得志"或"大器晚成"是指个体身心发展的( )。

个别差异性

解析：学生体身心发展的个别差异性，个体差异是指个体与个体之间发展水平，发展速度等之间的差异。"少年得志"或"大器晚成"，是指有的人才华很早就发展起来，还有些人到了中老年才展现出才华，体现了不同人间的个体差异。故选择A。B项，阶段性，强调不同阶段学生有不同发展特点，有不同的教育内容和教育方法：教育启示：不能搞"一刀切"、"一锅煮"。C项，不平衡性，强调学生同一种机能，发展速度有快有慢；不同机能之间，成熟速度和时间有早有晚。教育启示：教学中注意"关键期和最佳期"。D项，互补性，强调某一种身心机能出现缺失，其它机能进行补充：教育启示：结合实际、扬长避短。

[多选题]简述语法教学中演绎法和归纳法的教学过程及其优缺点。

[单选题] Like most people, I've long understood that I will be judged by my occupation, that my profession is a gauge people use to see how smart or talented I am. Recently, however, I was disappointed to see that it also decides how I'm treated as a person. Last year I left a professional position as a small-town reporter and took a job waiting tables. As someone paid to serve food to people, I had customers say and do things to me I suspect they'd never say or do to their most casual acquaintances. One night a man talking on his cell phone waved me away, then beckoned me back with his finger a minute later, complaining he was ready to order and asking where I'd been. I had waited tables during summers in college and was treated like a peon by plenty of people. But at 19 years old, I believed I deserved inferior treatment from professional adults. Besides, people responded to me differently after I told them I was in college. Customers would joke that one day I'd be sitting at their table, waiting to be served. Once I graduated I took a job at a community newspaper. From my first day, I heard a respectful tone from everyone who called me. I assumed this was the way the professional world worked-cordially. I soon found out differently, I sat several feet away from an advertising sales representative with a similar name. Our calls would often get mixed up and someone asking for Kristen would be transferred to Christie. The mistake was immediately evident. Perhaps it was because money was involved, but people used a tone with Kristen that they never used with me. My job title made people treat me with courtesy. So it was a shock to return to the restaurant industry. It's no secret that there's a lot to put up with when waiting tables, and fortunately, much of it can be easily forgotten when you pocket the tips. The service industry, by definition, exists to cater to others' needs. Still, it seemed that many of my customers didn't get the difference between server and servant. I'm now applying to graduate school, which means someday I'll. return to a profession where people need to be nice to me in order to get what they want. I think I'll take them to dinner first, and see how they treat someone whose only job is to serve them.

What does the example in the second paragraph imply?

Some customers simply show no respect to those who serve them.

解析：1.细节题。文中第一段提到，作者知道人们会以职位来判断一个人的智力；最后一句提到“1 was disappointed to see'that it also decides how I'm treated as a person.”故选C。 2.推断题，文中第二段提到，作者在做服务生时，一个打着电话的客人把他赶走，一分钟后又打手势让他过去，还说一直找不到他，即客人很不尊重服务员，故选B。 3.推断题。文中倒数第二段提到了这句话，从作者的意思来看，很多客人不尊重服务员，把他们当成了仆人来使唤，这让作者很不满意，故选项C符合题意。 4.细节题。文中第三段第二句提到“But at 19 years old，I believed I deserved inferior treatment from professional adults.”即在19岁时，作者认为受到下等人的对待是应该的，即是件很自然的事，故选D。 5.推断题。根据全文的意思判断，作者对那些把服务员当成仆人的客人很不满，以后带着客户去吃饭，应该是想观察一下客户对服务员的态度，从中反映出他们是什么样的人，选项B符合题意。

[单选题] In the early 20th century, few things were more appealing than the promise of scientific knowledge. In a world struggling with rapid industrialization, science and technology seemed to offer solutions to almost every problem. Newly created state colleges and universities devoted themselves almost entirely to scientific, technological, and engineering fields. Many Americans came to believe that scientific certainty could not only solve scientific problems, but also reform politics, government, and business. Two world wars and a Great Depression rocked the confidence of many people that scientific expertise alone could create a prosperous and ordered world. After World War Ⅱ, the academic world turned with new enthusiasm to humanistic studies, which seemed to many scholars the best way to ensure the survival of democracy. American scholars fanned out across much of the world-with support from the Ford Foundation, the Fulbright program, etc.-to promote the teaching of literature and the arts in an effort to make the case for democratic freedoms. In the America of our own time, the great educational challenge has become an effort. to strengthen the teaching of what is now known as the STEM disciplines (science, technology, engineering, and math). There is considerable and justified concern that the United States is falling behind much of the rest of the developed world in these essential disciplines. India, China, Japan, and other regions seem to be seizing technological leadership. At the same time, perhaps inevitably, the humanities-while still popular in elite colleges and universities-have experienced a significant decline. Humanistic disciplines are seriously underfunded, not just by the government and the foundations but by academic institutions themselves. Humanists are usually among the lowest-paid faculty members at most institutions and are often lightly regarded because they do not generate grant income and because they provide no obvious credentials (资质) for most nonacademic careers. Undoubtedly American education should train more scientists and engineers. Much of the concern among politicians about the state of American universities today is focused on the absence of "real world" education-which means preparation for professional and scientific careers. But the idea that institutions or their students must decide between humanities and science is false. Our society could not survive without scientific and technological knowledge. But we would be equally impoverished without humanistic knowledge as well. Science and technology teach us what we can do. Humanistic thinking helps us understand what we should do. It is almost impossible to imagine our society without thinking of the extraordinary achievements of scientists and engineers in building our complicated world. But try to imagine our world as well without the remarkable works that have defined our culture and values. We have always needed, and we still need, both.

Why is science and technology so popular in the early 20th century?

Because they thought it can solve virtually all existing problems.

解析：1.细节题。文中第三段最后一句提到“…because they do not generate grant mcome and because they provide no obvious credentials for most nonacademic careers”只有C项符合题意，故选C。 2.细节题。文中第一段提到“…science and technology seemed to offer solutions to almost every problem”即他们认为科技几乎可以解决所有的问题，故选D。 3.细节题。文中第一段中间提到了两次世界大战“Two world wars and a Great Depression rocked the confidence of many people that scientific expertise alone could create a prosperous and ordered world”即单纯凭借科技的力量很难创造一个繁荣、有序的世界，所以一些学者才开始倡导入文学科的学习，故选A。 4.推断题。文中最后两段都在讲人文学科的重要性，即作者对美国大学只重视科技方面学科的担忧，并强调人文学科和科技同样重要，故选B。 5.细节题。文中倒数第二段最后一句提到“Humanistic thinking helps us understand what we should do”即人文学科可以帮助我们了解自己应该做什么，选项D符合题意。

[单选题]If a teacher asks students to make their own learning plan,he/she is trying to develop their_________.

metacognitive strategy

解析：本题考查学习策略。题干：如果教师让学生制订他们的学习计划，他／她是在培养他们的什么策略？不同的研究者对学习策略有不同的分类，但各种分类法中基本都涉及四种策略，即认知策略、元认知策略、情感策略和交际策略。其中元认知策略( metacognitive strategy)指学生对自己的认知过程及结果进行有效监视及控制的策略，包括计划策略、监控策略和调节策略。计划策略指的是学生对学习等活动的事前规划，如制订学习计划等。故本题选D。

[单选题]下列属于连续动作技能的活动是( )。

开车

解析：连续动作技能即连续型操作技能，也叫动作技能、运动技能，是通过学习而形成的合乎法则的程序化、自动化和完善化的操作活动方式。这类技能主要由一系列的连续的动作构成，操作技能表现为连续的、不可分割的、协调的动作序列。开车是一个不可分割的序列性动作，属于连续动作技能。故选择D。B选项，举重属于非连续技能。A选项，打开收音机是瞬时动作技能。C选项，实弹射击是瞬时动作，属于非连续技能。