正确答案: D

违背师德规范

题目：某老师向学生推销课外辅导资料，要求学生必须购买。该老师的做法()。

解析：《中小学教师职业道德规范》（1997年修订）廉洁从教强调：坚守高尚情操，发扬奉献精神，自觉抵制社会不良风气影响。不利用职责之便谋取私利。题目中，教师利用职务之便推销辅导资料，违反了廉洁从教的职业道德，违反师德规范。故选择D。

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学习资料的答案和解析：

[单选题]下列选项中，由冼星海作曲的歌曲是( )

《黄河大合唱》

解析：冼星海，现代作曲家、人民音乐家。作品有大合唱《黄河》等，歌曲有《在太行山上》等，交响曲《民族解放》、交响组曲《满江红》等。故选择A。B选项，《义勇军进行曲》作曲聂耳，作词田汉。聂耳的作品还有：《开路先锋》、《卖报歌》等。C选项，《天路》演唱者韩红。D选项，《我的祖国》作者是斯美塔那，捷克作曲家。

[单选题]某房间里有甲、乙、丙、丁四个人，他们的语言分别是英语、法语和西班牙语。其中，只有丁一个人说英语；丙不说西班牙语；甲和某人说同一种语言；乙不能和甲交流；每个人只会说一种语言。则可知甲说( )。

法语

解析：此题考查元素对应问题。由"只有丁一个人说英语"，得甲、乙、丙不说英语：由"每个人只会说一种语言"，得丁不说法语和西班牙语；由"丙不说西班牙语"，得丙说法语；进而由"乙不能和甲交流"和"甲和某人说同一种语言"，得甲和丙说同一种语言，即甲说法语。故选择B。

[多选题]教师在备课时应做好哪几方面的工作？（10分）

[单选题]记忆是后续心理活动的资源准备，当需要的时候，记忆中的材料能够又快又好地再现出来，恰如其分，得心应手。这说明记忆具有( )。

准备性

解析：记忆的准备性是指它能够及时、迅速、灵活地从记忆信息的储存库中提取所需要的知识经验，以解决当前的实际问题。题目中所描述的就是记忆的准备性。

[单选题]美国心理学家奥苏贝尔根据学习的方式将学习分为( )。

接受学习和发现学习

解析：奥苏贝尔根据以下两个维度对认知领域的学习进行分类。一个维度是学习进行的方式，学习分为接受学习和发现学习，另一个维度是学习材料与学习者原有知识的关系，学习分为机械学习和有意义学习。故选择A。

[单选题]巴甫洛夫提出了操作性条件反射的原理。( )A.正确B.错误

解析：斯金纳提出了操作性条件反射的原理。

[单选题]中小学德育最重要和最基本的教育内容是( )。

爱国主义教育

解析：爱国主义教育是我国中小学德育中最重要、最基本的内容。

[单选题] The British Medical Journal recently featured a strong response to what was judged an inappropriately lenient reaction by a medical school to a student cheating in an examination. Although we have insufficient reliable data about the extent of this phenomenon, its prevention, or its effective management, much can be concluded and acted upon on the basis of common sense and concepts with face validity. There is general agreement that there should be zero tolerance of cheating in a profession based on trust and one on which human lives depend.It is reasonable to assume that cheaters in medical school will be more likely than others to continue to act dishonestly with patients, colleagues, insurers, and government. The behaviours under question are multifactorial in origin.There are familial, religious, and cultural values that are acquired long before medical school.For example, countries, cultures, and subcultures exist where bribes and dishonest behaviour are almost a norm.There are secondary schools in which neither staff nor students tolerate cheating and others where cheating is rampant; there are homes which imbue young people with high standards of ethical behaviour and others which leave ethical training to the harmful influence of television and the market place. Medical schools reflect society and cannot be expected to remedy all the ills of a society.The selection process of medical students might be expected to favour candidates with integrity and positive ethical behaviour-if one had a reliable method for detecting such characteristics in advance.Medical schools should be the major focus of attention for imbuing future doctors with integrity and ethical sensitivity.Unfortunately there are troubling, if inconclusive, data that suggest that during medical school the ethical behaviour of medical students does not necessarily improve; indeed, moral development may actually stop or even regress. The creation of a pervasive institutional culture of integrity is essential.It is critical that the academic and clinical leaders of the institution set a personal example of' integrity.Medical schools must make their institutional position and their expectations of students absolutely clear from day one.The development of a school′s culture of integrity requires a partnership with the students in which they play an active role in its creation and nurturing.Moreover, the school′s examination system and general treatment of students must be perceived as fair.Finally, the treatment of infractions must be firm, fair, transparent, and consistent.

What does the author say about cheating in medical schools?

Reliable data about the extent, prevention and management of the phenomenon is lacking.

解析：1.根据文章第一段第二句"…we have insufficient reliable data about the extent of this phenomenon，its prevention，or its effective management…"可知，到目前为止，我们还不是很了解医学院作弊现象的严重程度，也不甚明了该如何对此类现象进行预防和管理。既然目前所掌握的数据是不充足的，那么选项A、B、C所说的都不符合文章的原意，故均为错误选项。故选D。 2.作者在第二段说，人们一致认为，医学的基础就是诚信。在医学院作弊的学生通常比其他人更容易做出欺骗病人、同事和政府的事情。因此，医学以诚信为本的性质就决定了对医学院的作弊行为应该坚决打击。B项说的是打击作弊行为的结果，而不是原因。C项"医学依靠政府"，D项"医学院中作弊行为普遍存在"，都不符合文章内容。 3.作者在讨论作弊现象的根源时，结论是，作弊现象存在的原因是多方面的。学生在上医学院之前受到的家庭、社会和文化的熏陶在很大程度上决定他们是否会在考试中作弊。也就是选项A的内容。选项B、C、D的说法虽然都有道理，但是都过于绝对。学校的环境、家长的教育、电视的影响，虽然都起到一定作用，但是都不能说是决定性的。 4.A项"医学院应该确立明确的道德标准，淘汰道德素质低下的申请者"是错误选项。因为文章谈到如何甄别申请医学院学生的道德素质的时候，作者用的是虚拟语气"if one had a reliable method for detecting such characteristics in advance"，即如果能有可靠的标准，能预先了解学生的道德水平，医学院在录取的时候应该照顾那些恪守道德准则的学生。可见目前并没有这样的标准可循。B项和文章的内容相反，因为文章明确地说"Medical schools…cannot be expected to remedy all the ills of a society."D项不正确，因为文章的本意是，医学院的学生在学期间，道德素质不仅不会提高，而且可能下降。但是作者并没有说，医学院在提高学生素质方面无计可施，而是敦促学校采取相应措施，增强未来医师们的道德感，故选C。 5.C项和文章最后一段的"The development of a school′s culture of integrity requires a partnership with the students in which they play an active role in its creation and nurturing"相呼应。A项不正确，因为作者没有建议医学院应该降低考试难度。B项的叙述不准确，因为作者的本意是医学界的杰出人物应该树立楷模，而不是让他们设定一套人人遵循的行规。D项不正确，作者仅提议医学院对违反道德准则学生的处罚应该是坚决、公正、透明和统一的。作者并没有明确倡议一旦有作弊行为就将其开除出校。

[多选题]在语法教学中，语法练习的形式有哪几种(10分)?请对任意两种练习形式进行举例说明(10分)。