正确答案: A

生产力发展水平

题目：一般说来，制约教育发展规模、速度和教育结构的根本性因素是( )。

解析：生产力对教育具有制约作用，表现在以下方面：①生产力的发展水平影响教育目的的确定；②生产力的发展水平制约课程设置和教学内容的选择；③生产力水平决定教育的规模和速度；④生产力的发展制约学校结构；⑤生产力的发展制约教学方法、手段和教学组织形式。所以制约教育发展规模、速度和教育结构的根本性因素是生产力发展水平。考点点拨：本题考查的是生产力对教育的制约作用。政治经济制度、生产力对教育的制约作用是常考点，考生要注意区分政治经济制度和生产力对教育的制约作用。政治经济制度决定教育的性质，即政治经济制度决定着教育的思想政治方向和为谁服务的问题，并非决定教育的一切。具体来说，主要体现在以下几个方面：①政治经济制度决定教育的领导权；②政治经济制度决定受教育权；③政治经济制度制约教育目的的性质和思想道德教育的内容；④政治经济制度决定教育体制。

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学习资料的答案和解析：

[单选题]人的身心发展有不同的阶段，"心理断乳期"一般发生在( )。

青少年阶段

解析：少年期又称为"危险期"或"心理断乳期"。

[单选题] Looking for a new weight loss plan? Try living on top of a mountain. Mountain air contains less oxygen than air at lower altitudes, so breathing it causes the heart to beat faster and the body to bum more energy. A handful of studies have found that athletes training at high altitudes tend to lose weight. Doctor Florian Lippl of the University Hospital of Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich wondered how the mountain air would affect overweight individuals if they weren't doing any more physical activity than usual. Lippl and his colleagues invited 200verweight men to an environmental research station about 300 meters below the summit of Zugspitze, a mountain around 2,970 meters near the Austrian border. They were allowed to eat as much as they liked. The men also gave blood so that researchers could test for hormones(荷尔蒙) linked to appetite and fatness. At the end of the week, the men, whose mean weight starting out was 105 kg, had lost on average about 1.5 kg. The men's blood pressure also dropped, which the researchers attributed to weight lost. Exactly what caused the weight loss is uncertain. Loss of appetite is common at higher altitudes, and indeed the men ate significantly less than usual-about 700 calories fewer per day. Lippl also notes that because their consumption was being recorded, they may have been more self-conscious about what they ate. Regardless, eating less accounts for just 1 kg of the 1.5 kg lost, says Lippl. He thinks the increased metabolic rate, which was measured, also contributed to weight loss but cannot separate the different effects with the given data. Appetite loss at high altitudes could certainly be key, notes Damian Bailey, a physiologist at the University of Glamorgan, UK, who recently lost 11 kg during a 3-month expedition to the Andes in Chile. Unfortunately, for the average person there's no treatment that can resemble living at high altitude, says Lippl. The only alternative is a hypobaric chamber, which exposes subjects to low oxygen and isn't practical as a therapy. He says, half-jokingly,"if fat people plan their holidays, they might not go to the sea, but maybe to the mountains."

Why does Damian Bailey agree with the idea of appetite loss at high altitudes?

He lost much weight in the high altitude Andes.

解析：1.细节题。文章第一段第三句指出“Mountain air contains less oxygen than air at lower altitudes，so breathing it causes the heart to beat faster and the body to burn more energy.”即山上空气所含的氧气少于低海拔地区，所以呼吸时心脏跳动更快，身体也消耗更多的能量。由此可知心率与氧气含量多少有关。故选D。 2.细节题。根据文章第二段中“…researchers could test for hormones linked to appetite and fatness”可知hormones会影响食欲和肥胖，即体重。故选A。 3.细节题。第三段第二句指出“…the men ate significantly less than usual-about 700 calories fewer per day”由此可知，选项B正确。 4.细节题。根据文章第四段可知，Damian Bailey认同高海拔地区能影响人的食欲，从而影响体重．因为他在安第斯山脉考察的3个月里瘦了11公斤。故选D。 5.推断题。根据短文最后一句“He says，half-jokingly，if fat people…”中half-jokingly (半开玩笑地)可推断出Lippl在谈到通过去高原地区度假这种方式来减肥是随意的，开玩笑的。故选A。

[单选题]小林诚实、内向、谦虚、勤劳，且具有亲和力。这些描述的是( )。

性格特征

解析：性格是一个人在现实的稳定态度和习惯化了的行为方式中所表现出来的个性心理特征。性格的态度特征指一个人如何处理社会各方面的关系的性格特征，即他对社会、对集体、对他人以及对待自己的态度的性格特征。性格的态度特征，好的表现是忠于祖国、热爱集体、关心他人、乐于助人、大公无私、正直、诚恳、文明礼貌、勤劳节俭、认真负责、谦虚谨慎等；不好的表现是没有民族气节、对集体与他人漠不关心、自私自利、损人利己、奸诈狡猾、蛮横粗暴、懒惰挥霍、敷衍了事、不负责任、狂妄自大等。题干的描述属于对小林性格特征的描述。

[单选题]"读万卷书，行万里路"，体现什么原则( )。

理论联系实际原则

解析：理论联系实际原则是指教学要以学习基础知识为主导，从理论与实际的联系上去理解知识，注意运用知识去分析问题和解决问题，达到学懂学会、学以致用的目的。故选择B。A选项，因材施教原则是指教师要根据学生的实际情况、个别差异，有的放矢地进行教学，使每个学生都能扬长避短，获得最佳发展。C选项，循序渐进原则，是指教师严格按照科学知识的内在逻辑体系和学生认识能力发展的顺序进行教学。循序渐进的"序"，包括教材内容的逻辑顺序、学生生理节律的发展之顺序、学生认识能力发展的顺序和认识活动本身的顺序，是这四种顺序的有机结合。

[单选题]制约人们受教育权利的首要因素是( )。

政治制度

解析：社会政治制度决定受教育的权利。在阶级社会，统治阶级总是要采取种种直接或间接的手段，决定和影响受教育权利在社会中的分配，决定谁享有受学校教育的权利，谁不享有学校教育的权利，谁有受什么样学校教育的权利等问题。所以，制约人们受教育权利的首要因素是政治制度。