正确答案: D
学生的情感体验
题目:古人云:"知之者不如好之者,好之者不如乐之者",这句话提示教师在教学过程中应该重视( )。
解析:新课程改革背景下的教学观强调,要从关注学科转向关注人一一学生的情绪情感、道德品质、兴趣爱好等。"知之者不如好之者,好之者不如乐之者"意思是"懂得它的人,不如爱好它的人;爱好它的人,又不如以它为乐的人。"强调的是兴趣与热爱的重要性。这些属于学生的情感体验,故选择D。
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学习资料的答案和解析:
[单选题]"大珠小珠落玉盘"所形容的是什么乐器的演奏声?( )
琵琶
解析:它的本意是指大小的雨滴落在荷叶上的声音,在白居易的《琵琶行》是指琵琶弹奏出的动人的声音。琵琶是中国民族乐器,代表曲目《十面埋伏》、《阳春白雪》等。故选择A。
[单选题]"一题多解"和"一事多写"旨在培养学生的( )。
发散思维
解析:根据思维的指向性划分,可以划分为聚合思维和发散思维。聚合思维又称求同思维、集中思维,是指人们解决问题时,思路集中到一个方向,从而形成唯一的、确定的答案。发散思维又称求异思维、辐射思维,是指人们解决问题时,思路向各种可能的方向扩散,从而求得多种答案。题干中,"一题多解"和"一事多写"强调多种可能性寻求答案,提现了发散思维的特点,故选择D。AB选项,根据发展水平不同,可将思维划分为:直观动作思维、具体形象思维、抽象逻辑思维。直观动作思维是指在思维过程中要以具体、实际动作作为支柱而进行的思维。它往往是人们在边做边想时发生的,具有直观实践性的特点。离开了感知活动或动作,思维就不能进行。具体形象思维是指在思维过程中借助于表象而进行的思维。表象是思维的材料,思维过程往往表现为对表象的概括、加工和操作。具体形象思维具有形象性、整体性、可操作性等特点。抽象逻辑思维是指在思维过程中以概念、判断、推理的形式来反映事物本质属性和内在规律的思维。概念是这类思维的支柱。
[单选题]掌握概念的一般意义,实质上是掌握同类事物的共同关键特征和本质属性,这种学习是( )。
概念学习
解析:概念学习指掌握概念的一般意义,实质上是掌握同类事物的共同的关键特征和本质属性。
[单选题]"情急生智"所描述的情绪状态是( )。
应激
解析:情急生智是指情况急迫时,突然想出应付的办法,是人类的一种应激状态。应激是指在一种出乎意料的、紧迫情况下所引起个体急速而高度紧张的情绪状态。
[单选题]赵明非常害怕狗,教师依次让他选看狗的照片,与他谈论狗,让他远远观看关在笼子里的狗,让他靠近笼中的狗,最后让他摸小狗,抱起小狗,消除了其对狗的恐惧反应,这种改变行为的方法是( )。
系统脱敏法
解析:系统脱敏法是行为矫正技术中的一种重要方法。它是在充分放松的心境下,让学生逐渐接近所惧怕的事物,或逐渐提高其对所恐惧的事物的刺激强度,使其对惧怕的事物的敏感性逐渐减轻,直至完全消失的方法。题干中描述的是系统脱敏法的步骤。
[单选题]通过人格感化来培养学生品德的方法是( )。
陶冶教育法
解析:陶冶教育法是指教师利用高尚的情感、美好的事物和优美的环境感染和熏陶学生的方法,情感陶冶包括人格感化、环境陶冶和艺术陶冶等。故选择B。A项,榜样示范法是指用榜样人物的高尚思想、模范行为、优异成就来影响学生的思想、情感和行为的方法。用来示范的榜样主要有家长和数师、先进典型、英雄人物、革命领袖、历史伟人和文艺形象等。C项,参观法是教师根据教学目的和要求,组织学生对实际实物进行实地观察、研究,从而在实际中获得新知识或巩固、验证已学知识的方法。D项,实践锻炼法是教育者组织学生参加多种实际活动,在行为实践中使学生接受磨练和考验,以培养优良思想品德的方法。
[单选题] Millions of Americans lie awake at night counting sheep, or have a stiff drink or pop an allergy pill, hoping it will make them drowsy. But experts agree all that self-medicating is a bad idea, and the causes of chronic insomnia remain mysterious.
Almost a third of adults have trouble sleeping, and about 10 percent have symptoms of daytime impairment that signal true insomnia. Sufferers readily cite the resulting problems: walking around in a fog, as memory and other cognitive functions slowly. Dozing off at the wheel or at work. Depression. Lack of energy. But for all the complaints, scientists know surprisingly little about what causes chronic insomnia, its health consequences and how best to treat it, a panel of specialists brought together by the National Institutes of Health concluded Wednesday.
Two things are clear, the panel found: Chronic insomnia is a major public health problem. And too many people are using unproven therapies, even while there are a few treatments that do work.
Among the panel's findings: Cognitive / behavioral therapy-a psychology-based treatment that trains people to reduce anxiety and take other sleep-promoting steps-is very effective, and doesn't cause side effects. But it can be hard to find health providers trained in the techniques. Insomniacs should check with board-certified sleep specialists and psychologists.
Newer prescription sleep pills called Sonata, Ambien and Lunesta work without many of the side-effect concerns of older agents known as benzodiazepines (苯二氮类镇静药). One study of Lunesta showed effectiveness with six months of use, but more research on long-term use of all three is needed, as chronic msomma can linger for years.
The most commonly used treatments are alcohol and over-the-counter sedating antihistamines (抗组.胺剂) like Benadryl. Alcohol use actually disrupts quality sleep, and antihistamines can cause lingering daytime sedation and other cognitive problems.
The most common prescription insomnia medicine is an older, sedating antidepressant called trazodone, even though there's no good evidence that it offers more than a two-week benefit, and it comes with side effects.
The National Institutes of Health found that ________.
unproven therapies are commonly used by people
解析:1.细节题。根据文章第四段,“Cognitive/behavioral therapy-a psychology-based treatment that trains people to reduce anxiety and take other sleep-promoting steps-is very effective”,这种方式非常有效,故D正确。而A、B在文章开头都被作者否定了,“experts agree all that self-medicating is a bad idea”。而C文章没有提及。
2.细节题。文章的第二段详细地描述了成年人失眠的症状:走路晃悠如在梦中,记忆和认知功能缓慢,在开车和工作中打盹,没有力气等。A、B、C都有所提及。但是D意为“认知功能缺失”,和原文表述不相同。这里应该注意选项和原文的细微区别。
3.细节题。根据文章第三段,“Chronic insomma is a major public health problem. And too many people are using unproven therapies, even while there are a few treatments that do work”,即慢性失眠是一个事关公众身体健康的大问题;尽管目前有一些行之有效的治疗方法,还是有不少人使用未经验证的疗法。应该注意这里说的是该机构的研究发现,不是文章中的所有发现,B、C、D都没有提及,故选A。
4.词义题。over意为“在……之上”,counter意为“柜台”。A项提醒我们药分为处方药和非处方药,而over the counter非常形象地描述了非处方药的销售方法,即直接在柜台上销售。此外, C、D都与语境相距甚远,B过于字面,用排除法可以选出A。
5.推断题。对于A,文中涉及unproven medicines的只有“too many people are using unproven therapies,even while there are a few treatments that do work”,而A没有被提及。B中说失眠者已经找到了可医治的药物,而文中说太多的人们都在用没有经过验证的治疗方法,故人们实际上没有找到。C项在文中没有提及。由“scientists know surprisingly little about what causes chronic insomma,its health consequences and how best to treat it"可知D项正确。
[单选题]Which of the following tasks fails to develop students' skill of recognizing discourse patterns?
Analyzing the structure of difficult sentences.
解析:本题考查语篇教学。语篇是指一系列的语句和段落构成的语言整体,因此侧重的是句群和段落之间的关系。语篇通常分为会话语篇和段落语篇。A项是对一个句子内部结构的分析和理解,不属于语篇的范畴,故本题选A。