正确答案: D

丁说的对

题目：四个人在议论一位作家的年龄。甲说："她不会超过35岁。"乙说："她不超过40岁。"丙说："她的岁数在50以下。"丁说："她绝对在40岁以上。"实际上只有一个人说对了。则下列说法中，正确的是( )。

解析：这是一道朴素推理的题目。若甲或乙所说为真，则丙所说也为真，与只有一个人说对了矛盾，因此说真话的一定不是甲、乙：若丙所说为真且根据甲和乙都不为真，则丁所说也为真，也与题干矛盾，则丙所说不可能为真，故丁所说为真。另解，乙和丁的话矛盾，必有一真一假，由"只有一个人说对"，则甲和丙的话为假，由丙的话为假可知她在50岁以上，故乙说的错丁说的对。故选择D项。

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学习资料的答案和解析：

[单选题]下列选项中，不属于Internet基本功能的一项是( )。

实时监控

解析：Internet三大基本功能是远程登录、电子邮件、文件传输。没有实时监控，故选择A。

[多选题]下列哪些因素是影响人的全面发展的社会历史条件？( )

教育的发展

生产力及其决定的分工状况

生产关系的构成

解析：首先，社会生产力及其决定的分工状况是人的全面发展的重要前提。其次，生产关系是人的全面发展的重要条件。最后，教育是人的全面发展实现的重要途径。

[单选题]斯皮罗等认为学习分为( )。

初级学习和高级学习

解析：斯皮罗将学习分为初级学习和高级学习两类。初级学习是学习中的低级阶段，教师只要求学习者知道一些重要的概念和事实，在测验中只要求他们将所学的东西按原样再现出来，这时所涉及的内容主要是结构良好领域的知识。而高级学习则与此不同，它要求学习者把握概念的复杂性，并广泛而灵活地运用到具体情境中。

[单选题]小学生有错误行为时，家长便限制他看动画片，不让其从事有趣的活动，属于( )。

惩罚

解析：惩罚是指通过呈现厌恶刺激降低反应在将来发生的概率。

[单选题]维果斯基的最近发展区是指( )。

儿童现有发展水平与可能的发展水平之间的差异

解析：维果斯基认为，儿童有两种发展水平：一是儿童的现有水平，即由一定的已经完成的发展系统所形成的儿童心理机能的发展水平：二是即将达到的发展水平。这两种水平之间的差异就是最近发展区。故选择C。维果斯基是前苏联著名心理学家，提出了文化历史发展理论，强调语言工具，尤其是自我中心语言，对心理发展的巨大作用。

[单选题]有的同学判断客观事物时容易受外来因素的影响和干扰，这种认知方式是( )。

场依存

解析：场依存型的学生的特点是对事物作出判断时倾向于以外部参照作为信息加工的依据，容易受周围人们，特别是权威人士的影响和干扰，善于察言观色。故选择A。B选项，场独立，该类型的学生的特点是对客观事物做判断时，常常利用内部的参照，不易受外来的因素影响和干扰，独立对事物作出判断。C选项，冲动型，该类型学生的特点是常常以很快的速度形成自己的看法，在解决问题时往往强调速度而非精度。D选项，反思型，该类型的学生的特点是在问题解决时常常不急于说出自己的看法，而是先对各种可能的答案进行分析，解决问题时往往强调精度而非速度。

[单选题]Passage 1 　　In recent years, however, society has cometo understand the limitations of schoolsthat merely sort and rank students. We have discovered that students in the bottomone-third to one-half of the rank order-plus all who drop out before being ranked--fail to develop the foundational reading,writing, and mathematical proficiencies needed to survivein, let alone contribute to, an increasingly technically complex and ethnically diverse culture. So today, in asking schools toleave no child behind, society is asking that educators raise up the bottom of therank-order distribution to a specified level of competence. We call those expectations our academic achievement standards Every statehas them, and, as a matter of public policy,schools are to be held accountable for lakingsure that all students meet them. 　　To be clear, the mission of sorting has not been eliminated from the schooling process.For the foreseeable future, students will still be ranked at the end of high school. However,society now dictates that such a celebration of differences in amount learned must start at a certain minimum level of achievement for all. 　　The implications of this change in missionfor the role of assessment are profound. 　　Assessment and grading procedures designecto permit only a few students to succeed(those at the top of the rank-order distribution)must now be revised to permit the possibilitythat all students could succeed at some appropriate level. Furthermore, proceduresthat permitted(perhaps even encouraged)some students to give up in hopelessness andto stop trying must now be replaced by othersthat promote hope and continuous effort.In short, the entire emotional environment surrounding the prospect of being evaluated must change, especially for perennial low achievers. 　　The students' mission is no longer merelyto beat other students in the achievementrace. At least part of their goal must be to become competent. Teachers must believethat all students can achieve a certain levelof academic success, must bring all of theirstudents to believe this of themselves, must accommodate the fact that students learn at different rates by making use of differentiat edinstruction, and must guide all studentstoward the attainment of standards.The driving dynamic force for students cannot merely be competition for an artificialscarcity of success. Because all students can and must succeed in meeting standards,cooperation and collaboration must come intoplay. 　　The driving forces must be confidence,optimism, and persistence--for all, not justfor some. All students must come to believethat they can succeed at learning if theytry. They must have continuous access to evidence of what they believe to be credible academic success, however small. This new understanding has spawned increased interest in formative assessment in recent years.

Which is meant by the author about the emotional promise of assessment forstudents?

To build up their confidence insuccess

解析：根据题干中的关键词emotional promise将答案：锁定在第三段和最后一段。根据第三段“Assessment and grading procedures... mustnow be revised to permit the possibility that allstudents could succeed at some appropriatelevel.. must now be replaced by others thatpromote hope and continuous effort ...”lak最后一段“The driving dynamic force for students cannot merely be competition for an artificialscarcity of success..The driving forces must be confidence, optimism, and persistence..."可推断出作者表达的意思是通过评估改革，教师要激发学生的自信与希望，使他们相信通过不断的努力，终会取得成功。故选择B。