正确答案: C

Studying babies' cries helps us understand their speech perception.

题目：请阅读Passage 2，完成1~5小题。 　　Passage 2 　　Several research teams have found that newborns prefer their mothers' voices over those of other people.Now a team of scientists has gone an intriguing step further: they have found that newborns cry in their native language."We have provided evidence that language begins with the very first cry melodies," says Kathleen Wermke of the University of Wurzburg,Germany,who led the research. 　　"The dramatic finding of this study is that not only are newborns capable of producing different cry melodies,but they prefer to produce those melody patterns that are typical for the <u> ambient </u> language they have heard during their fetal life,within the last trimester," said Wermke."Contrary to orthodox interpretations,these data support the importance of human infants' crying for seeding language development." 　　It had been thought that babies' cries are constrained by their breathing patterns and respiratory apparatus,in which case a crying baby would sound like a crying baby no matter what the culture is,since babies are anatomically identical."The prevailing opinion used to be that newborns could not actively influence their production of sound." says Wermke.This study refutes that claim: since babies cry in different languages,they must have some control (presumably unconscious) over what they sound like rather than being constrained by the acoustical properties of their lungs,throat,mouth,and larynx.If respiration alone dictated what a cry sounded like,all babies would cry with a falling-pitch pattern,since that's what happens as you run out of breath and air pressure on the throat's sound-making machinery decreases.French babies apparently didn't get that memo."German and French infants produce different types of cries,even though they share the same physiology," the scientists point out."The French newborns produce 'nonphysiological' rising patterns," showing that the sound of their cries is under their control. 　　Although phonemes—speech sounds such as "ki" or "sh"—don't cross the abdominal barrier and reach the fetus,so-called prosodic characteristics of speech do.These are the variations in pitch,rhythm,and intensity that characterize each language.Just as newboms remember and prefer actual songs that they heard in utero,it seems,so they remember and prefer both the sound of Mom's voice and the melodic signature of her language. 　　The idea of the study wasn't to make the sound of a screaming baby more interesting to listeners-good luck with that-but to explore how babies acquire speech.That acquisition,it is now clear,begins months before birth,probably in the third trimester.Newborns "not only have memorized the main intonation pattems of their respective surrounding language but are also able to reproduce these pattems in their own　［sound］　production," conclude the scientists.Newborns' "cries are already tuned toward their native language" ,giving them a head start on sounding French or German (or,presumably,English or American or Chinese or anything else: the scientists are collecting cries from more languages).This is likely part of the explanation for how babies develop spoken language quickly and seemingly without effort.Sure,we may come into the world wired for language (thank you,Noam Chomsky),but we also benefit from the environmental exposure that tells us which language. 　　Until this study,scientists thought that babies became capable of vocal imitation no earlier than 12 weeks of age.That's when infants listening to an adult speaker producing vowels can parrot the sound.But that's the beginning of true speech.It's sort of amazing that it took this long for scientists to realize that if they want to see what sounds babies can perceive,remember,and play back,they should look at the sound babies produce best.So let the little angel cry: she's practicing to acquire language.

解析：推断题。A项在最后一段中没有被提及。该段指出以前科学家认为婴儿在出生后三个月才开始语言习得的观点是不正确的，故B项无法从原文推出。根据“…if they want to see what sounds babies can perceive,remember,and play back,they should look at the sound babies produce best.So let the little angel cry: she's practicing to acquire language”可知，婴儿的哭声也是科学家研究的重点，而且研究婴儿的哭声可以了解婴儿的言语知觉，故D项错误，本题选C。

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学习资料的答案和解析：

[单选题]根据《中华人民共和国教师法》，学校或者其他教育机构对教师进行考核的内容不包括( )。

工作年限

解析：《中华人民共和国教师法》第二十二条规定：学校或者其他教育机构应当对教师的政治思想、业务水平、工作态度和工作成绩进行考核，故选择D。

[多选题]教育目的的主要功能有( )。

导向功能

调控功能

评价功能

解析：教育目的是整个教育工作的核心，是教育活动的出发点和归宿，也是确定课程与教学目标、选择教育内容与方法、评价教育效果的根本依据。概括起来讲，教育目的具有导向功能、指导功能、激励功能和评价功能。教育目的可由社会团体或个体提出，对教育实践不具有约束力：教育方针通常是由政府或政党提出，对教育实践具有强制性。

[单选题]某中学开设了科学课，由原来的物理、化学、生物、劳技整合而成，这门课程属于( )。

综合课程

解析：本题考查了课程的分类。综合课程是指打破传统分科课程的知识领域，组合两个或两个以上的学科领域构成的课程。整合物理、化学、生物、劳技形成的课程属于综合课程。故选择C。A选项，学科课程是当今世界各国中小学课程的主要类型。主张分科设置课程，即从学科知识整体中选取关联密切的内容组成一门学科，分科组织教学。代表人物有夸美纽斯、赫尔巴特、斯宾塞。B选项，活动课程又称生活课程、经验课程。主张从儿童的兴趣和经验出发，以儿童活动为中心来设计课程。代表人物有杜威和克伯屈。D选项，无环境课程这一说法，故排除D选项。

[单选题]心算、打腹稿、默读等技能属于( )。

心智技能

解析：心智技能也称智力技能、认知技能，它是一种借助内部力量调节、控制心智活动的经验，是通过学习而形成的合乎法则的心智话动方式。阅读技能、写作技能、运算技能、解题技能、记忆技能等都属于心智技能。

[单选题]根据兴奋与意志之间的强弱关系，可以把人的气质分为胆汁质、多血质、黏液质、抑郁质等类型。据此理论，三国时期的猛将张飞的气质类型更倾向于( )。

胆汁质

解析：张飞暴躁易怒，属于胆汁质。

[单选题]高中班主任应帮助学生形成的积极的教育观念是( )。

为了学习去锻炼

解析：高中阶段是人的一生中重要的学习阶段，其主要任务是通过学习为之后的成长与发展打下基础，其所有活动应以学习为中心来展开。高中班主任应教育学生为了更好地学习去参加体育锻炼。

[单选题]战国时期，可以通过"望闻问切"诊断病情的，被称为"脉学之宗"的医学家是( )。

扁鹊

解析：扁鹊的望闻问切四诊法，奠定了中医学的切脉诊断方法，开启了中医学的先河。故选择B。A选项，华佗发明了麻醉药剂"麻沸散"，外科医神。C选项，李时珍编著《本草纲目》。D选项，孙思邈编著《干金方》，被称为"药圣"、"药王爷"。