[单选题]儿童身心发展有两个高速发展期：新生儿与青春期，这是身心发展( )规律的反应。

正确答案 ：B

不平衡性

解析：个体身心发展的不平衡性表现在两方面：同一方面的发展在不同的年龄阶段是不均衡的，不同方面达到的某种发展水平或成熟时期是不同的。题目中所描述的正是第一个方面。顺序性指人的身心发展由简单到复杂、由量变到质变的过程，给我们启示是要循序渐进。阶段性指的是人的身心发展在某个阶段具有独特的特点、任务和特征，从而去区别于其他阶段。教育启示是要根据年龄特征，不能搞一刀切、一锅煮。个别差异性指的个体之间的发展具有差异性：教育启示是因材施教。

[多选题]显性课程与隐性课程之间的相互关系的主要表现有( )。

正确答案 ：ACD

递进关系

互补关系

转换关系

解析：显性课程和隐性课程的相互关系表现为转换关系、递进关系和互补关系。

[单选题]"学而时习之"的主张说明教学应遵循的原则是( )。

正确答案 ：C

巩固性原则

解析：孔子的教育思想是教育学萌芽阶段教育思想的重要组成部分，孔子提出"学而时习之"，即学习知识要不断进行巩固复习，体现了巩固性原则。

[单选题]下列不属于精加工策略的是( )。

正确答案 ：D

列提纲

解析：D选项属于组织策略。组织策略是整合所学新知识之间、新旧知识之间的内在联系，形成新的知识结构。它是将信息由繁到简、由无序到有序处理加工的一个重要手段。包括：列提纲、利用图形、利用表格等。故选择D。细加工策略是一种将新学材料与头脑中已有知识联系起来从而增加新信息的意义的深层加工策略。包括：记忆术、做笔记、提问、生成性学习、利用背景知识、联系实际等。故ABC属于精加工策略。

[单选题]Birds are a critical part of our ecologicalsystem. But more than ever, birds arethreatened by human pollution and climate change. 　　We need the birds to eat insects, move seeds and pollen around, transfer nutrients from seato land, clean up after the mass death of the annual Pacific salmon runs, or when a wild animal falls anywhere in a field or forest. 　　How could we enjoy spring without the birdsflitting busily in our garden or dropping by to check out the flowers in our urbanwindow box? Can you contemplate Americawithout the soaring bald eagle, or even thosescavengers like the pigeons and gulls that clean up discarded food scraps on our citystreets and waterfronts? How diminished ourlives would be without them? 　　Scavenging eagles and condors need huntersto behave responsibly and bury, or remove,the remains of any shot deer peppered withfragments of lead bullets. Loons, ducks and other water birds will be poisoned bylead bullets and lead fishing sinkers if we allow such objects to drop in their feeding space. 　　All sea and shore birds, even the puffins and guillemots of the otherwise pristine Aleutians, need us to make sure that no otherheavy metals, like mercury and cadmium, are dumped in rivers and make their way acrossthe oceans. 　　Birds like the terns, knots and shearwatersthat migrate between the far north and deep, deep, south of our planet need people everywhere to cease and desist from fillingin their wetland fuel stops and rest stations,and from constructing golfing resorts andfactories in their feeding and breeding grounds. 　　Seabirds are among the most endangeredvertebrate species on the planet, with the International Union for Conservation ofNature classifying 97 species as globallythreatened, and 17 in the highest category of critically threateneD.Of greatest concern arethe pelicans of the southern oceans and thespectacular, but slow-breeding albatross.Plastic bags must be eliminated from natural environments so sea and shore birds don'tmistakenly carry such debris back to feed their chicks, with invariably lethal consequences.The albatross, cormorants and herons need usto stop over-fishing and compromising theirnormal food supply. 　　The pelicans, penguins and all the birds thatinhabit, or visit, our coastlines need us to ensure that we do not dump oil into gulfs and bays, or release so much carbon dioxideinto the atmosphere that the oceans turn acidic and we lose the mussels arid oysters,the mass of calcareous plankton that feedsso many creatures, and the coral reefsthat nurture enormous numbers of ediblespecies. 　　Think about it. We share this small greenp lanet.As they fly, feed and nest, the birdsmonitor the health of the natural world for us,provided that we, in turn, make the effort to access that key information. 　　The birds and humans are both large, complex and ultimately vulnerable organisms thatinhabit the top of the food chain. At the end ofthe day, their fate will be our fate.

Which of the following fails to tell what birds do according to the passage?

正确答案 ：D

They are likely to attack thoseirresponsible hunters.

解析：句意为“根据文章，下列哪一项不能正确表述鸟类可以做的事？”。A项，意为“以奇妙的方式帮助植物生长”，对应第二段“We need the birds to eatinsects, move seeds andpollen around transfernutrients from sea to land.”鸟类吃害虫，帮助植物播撒种子和传播花粉，将营养从海洋转移到陆地。B项，意为“清理鱼类和动物的尸体”，对应第二段“clean up after the mass death ofthe annual Pacific salmon runs,or when a wild animal falls anywhere in afield or forest.”C项，意为“阻止海洋的污染和酸化”，出现在第二段、倒数第三段。D项，意为“可能攻击不负责任的猎人”出现在第四段。D项与文意最为不符，故选择D。

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