正确答案: D

敬业精神

题目：对于学习困难的学生，优秀教师总是能够耐心的给予反复的辅导，支持他们这样做的关键因素是其()。

解析：《中小学教师职业道德规范》（2008年修订）"爱岗敬业"要求，教师要对工作认真负责，认真上课备课，辅导学生。题干教师耐心反复的指导，体现了爱岗敬业的职业道德，富有敬业精神。故选择D。

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学习资料的答案和解析：

[单选题]尽管工作压力大，事务繁杂，何老师始终保持积极地工作态度，用微笑面对每一个学生，这体现了何老师( )。

职业心理健康

解析：教师专业素质的基本结构强调，教师要拥有心理素养。何老师工作压力大，但态度积极，微笑面对学生，拥有过硬的心理素养，体现了职业心理健康。故选择B。

[单选题]学校教育是社会发展到一定阶段的产物，其产生的基本条件是( )。

生产力的发展和文字的出现

解析：经济基础决定上层建筑，当生产力发展到一定水平，一部分人有可能脱离生产劳动，当语言的发展到了文字的出现后，学校便出现了。学校的出现是教育形成自己相对独立形态的标志。教育便有了两种形态：专门化的学校教育：依然在生产劳动过程中进行的非学校教育。故选择A。B项，西方最早的职业教师是"智者派"，产生于希腊奴隶主政治制度的鼎盛时期。C项，中世纪后期，在乌克兰和白俄罗斯的兄弟会学校中，出现了班级授课制的萌芽。德国教育家斯图谟在斯特腊斯堡主持文科中学时，曾把学生分为十个年级。关于学年制和班级授课制问题，只是在夸美纽斯的《大教学论》才第一次得到详细的论述。D项，教学方法的系统化是学校教育产生之后的其中一个表现，而不是产生的条件。

[单选题]"教育适应生活说"的提出者是( )。

杜威

解析：美国著名教育家杜威不满于斯宾塞为完美的生活做准备的教育观而提出了教育适应生活说。故选择B。杜威主要考点包括他是实用主义哲学创始人、进步教育代表人物；作品《民主主义与教育》。提出三中心论一一"儿童中心（学生中心）"、"经验中心"、"活动中心"：教育的本质一一教育即生活、教育即生长、教育即经验的改组或改造、学校即社会：强调做中学：强调五步教学法。A选项，斯宾塞，英国教育家，首次把课程作为学科专门术语。作品《教育论》。主要考点：提出科学知识最有价值，第一次明确提出德育、智育、体育的概念：教育目的一一教育准备生活说一一教育为未来生活做准备。C选项，赫尔巴特提出的三中心论，即教师中心、教材中心、课堂中心：将伦理学和心理学作为教育学的理论基础：提出"四阶段教学"理论一一清楚、联想、系统和方法：提出教育性教学原则一一德育与教学相结合；教育目的一一社会本位论，培养良好社会公民；作品《普通教育学》，标志着教育学科学化和规范化。D选项，夸美纽斯是教育学之父，他首次提出班级授课制，提出教育要遵循人的自然发展的原则；提出"泛智教育"；规定了百科全书式的课程；首次提出并论证了直观性、系统性、量力性、巩固性和自觉性等一系列教学方法。

[单选题]老师很担心同一批学生在第二次参加同样的内容的人格测试时分数与上次不同，他所担心的是哪一个概念反映的内容？( )

信度

解析：信度是指测验结果的稳定性或可靠性，即某一测验在多次施测后所得到的分数的稳定、一致程度。它既包括在时间上的一致性，也包括内容和不同评分者之间的一致性。这里老师担心第二次测试成绩不一致，实际上担心的是信度。

[单选题]张磊发现，在检查自己昨晚的试卷和作业时，很难发现其中的错误，但帮别的同学检查时，却很容易发现，这主要是由于( )的影响。

定势

解析：定势指由先前影响所形成的往往不被意识到的心理准备状态，它将支配人以同样的方式去对待同类后继活动。故本题选D。

[多选题]联系实际谈教师应具备的素养。（10分）

[单选题] There are people who are especially attracted to the notion of "climbing the ladder" so as to increase their status, financial position, and sense of self-worth. In part, as a result of the work ethic, these people are internally "driven" to work. Not infrequently, foreign visitors have observed that Americans spend an inordinate(过度的) amount of time working and, as a consequence, Americans have little time for leisure or personal relationships. In American English a new word "workaholic" has been created to describe an individual who is as addicted to work as an alcoholic is to liquor. There are conflicting points of view about workaholics. Those concerned with problems of mental stress believe workaholics abuse themselves physically and mentally. Others hold that workaholics are valuable members of society because they are extremely productive. The Americans culture values achievement, efficiency, and production-a workaholic supports these values. Despite the presence of workaholics, there is a growing realization in the United States that excessive work demands can be physieally and mentally harmful. Many people have been rebelling against the work ethic, claiming that when a job is so important, personal relationships suffer and relaxation becomes secondary. Consequently there has been a shift in values, with more emphasis being given to personal relationships and non-work activities. Increased leisure time in the United States has not changed the idea that work and play are distinct activities. There is a belief that it is desirable "to work hard and play hard" and undesirable to combine the two. In many offices, stores and factories socializing among employees is discouraged. An employee under pressure at work often cannot afford to respond to social calls and visits. However, the amount of personal contact on the job depends on the nature of the work. People are ambivalent toward work; it is, at the same time, glorified and belittled. In the words of former President Richard Nixon:"The 'work ethic' holds that labor is good in itself; that a man or woman becomes a better person by virtue of the act of working. America's competitive spirit, the 'work ethic' of this people, is alive and well ..." Another viewpoint is expressed in an Anacin commercial:"I like my job and am good at it, but it sure grinds me down (折磨) sometimes, and the last thing I need to take home is a headache."

An individual who is addicted to work is ________.

a compulsive worker

解析：1.细节题。根据短文第一段前两句“There are people who are especially attracted to the notion of“climbing the ladder" so as to increase their status, financial position, and sense of self-worth. In part，as a result of the work ethic，these people are internally ‘driven’ to work.”可看出有些人深受“climbing the ladder”观念影响，目的是提高社会地位、经济地位和自我价值，所以他们受职业道德驱使而工作。故选项B正确。 2.细节题。作者在第二段指出对于workaholics，人们有两种不同的观点。一种观点认为workaholics abuse themselves physically and mentally;另一种观点则认为workaholics are valuable members of society because they are extremely productive.故选项D正确。 3.细节题。根据短文第三段第一句“…there is a growing realization in the United States that excessive work demands can be physically and mentally harmful.”可知人们开始意识到过度的工作会对健康造成危害。故选项C正确。 4.细节题。短文第四段开头指出“…the idea that work and play are distinct activities.”即人们认为工作和娱乐是两个独立分开的活动。故选项A正确。 5.细节题。短文最后一段指出“People are ambivalent toward work; it is，at the same time，glorified and belittled.”即工作同时受到赞扬和贬低。接着就列举了Nixon的观点和Anacin这种药的广告词来阐释对工作的这两种看法。故选项C正确。