正确答案: D

'excuse

题目：Which of the following has not the proper word stress?

解析：本题考查单词重音。双音节词的重音主要受词性影响，其次是前缀。如果是动词、形容词、介词，重音往往在第二个音节上；如果是名词，重音往往在第一个音节上。带有a-，be-，in-，ex-等前缀的双音节词，重音普遍在第二个音节上。故本题选D。

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学习资料的答案和解析：

[单选题]请阅读Passage 2，完成1~5小题。 　　Passage 2 　　Several research teams have found that newborns prefer their mothers' voices over those of other people.Now a team of scientists has gone an intriguing step further: they have found that newborns cry in their native language."We have provided evidence that language begins with the very first cry melodies," says Kathleen Wermke of the University of Wurzburg,Germany,who led the research. 　　"The dramatic finding of this study is that not only are newborns capable of producing different cry melodies,but they prefer to produce those melody patterns that are typical for the ambient language they have heard during their fetal life,within the last trimester," said Wermke."Contrary to orthodox interpretations,these data support the importance of human infants' crying for seeding language development." 　　It had been thought that babies' cries are constrained by their breathing patterns and respiratory apparatus,in which case a crying baby would sound like a crying baby no matter what the culture is,since babies are anatomically identical."The prevailing opinion used to be that newborns could not actively influence their production of sound." says Wermke.This study refutes that claim: since babies cry in different languages,they must have some control (presumably unconscious) over what they sound like rather than being constrained by the acoustical properties of their lungs,throat,mouth,and larynx.If respiration alone dictated what a cry sounded like,all babies would cry with a falling-pitch pattern,since that's what happens as you run out of breath and air pressure on the throat's sound-making machinery decreases.French babies apparently didn't get that memo."German and French infants produce different types of cries,even though they share the same physiology," the scientists point out."The French newborns produce 'nonphysiological' rising patterns," showing that the sound of their cries is under their control. 　　Although phonemes—speech sounds such as "ki" or "sh"—don't cross the abdominal barrier and reach the fetus,so-called prosodic characteristics of speech do.These are the variations in pitch,rhythm,and intensity that characterize each language.Just as newboms remember and prefer actual songs that they heard in utero,it seems,so they remember and prefer both the sound of Mom's voice and the melodic signature of her language. 　　The idea of the study wasn't to make the sound of a screaming baby more interesting to listeners-good luck with that-but to explore how babies acquire speech.That acquisition,it is now clear,begins months before birth,probably in the third trimester.Newborns "not only have memorized the main intonation pattems of their respective surrounding language but are also able to reproduce these pattems in their own　［sound］　production," conclude the scientists.Newborns' "cries are already tuned toward their native language" ,giving them a head start on sounding French or German (or,presumably,English or American or Chinese or anything else: the scientists are collecting cries from more languages).This is likely part of the explanation for how babies develop spoken language quickly and seemingly without effort.Sure,we may come into the world wired for language (thank you,Noam Chomsky),but we also benefit from the environmental exposure that tells us which language. 　　Until this study,scientists thought that babies became capable of vocal imitation no earlier than 12 weeks of age.That's when infants listening to an adult speaker producing vowels can parrot the sound.But that's the beginning of true speech.It's sort of amazing that it took this long for scientists to realize that if they want to see what sounds babies can perceive,remember,and play back,they should look at the sound babies produce best.So let the little angel cry: she's practicing to acquire language.

When does language acquisition begin according to the research?

It begins before the birth of a baby.

解析：细节题。根据倒数第二段中的“That acquisition，it is now clear,begins months before birth，probably in the third trimester.”可知，婴儿在出生之前就开始了语言习得。故本题选B。

[单选题]普通中小学经常组织诸如生物、物理、航模等兴趣小组，主要是为了( )。

因材施教，发展青少年个性特长

解析：课外活动是指在课堂教学之外，由学校组织指导或由校外教育机关组织指导的，用以补充课堂教学，实现教育方针要求的一种教育活动。课外活动可以分为小组活动、个人活动、群体活动。其中，小组活动，是课外活动最基本的组织形式。题干描述的是兴趣小组活动，目的就是为了发展学生的特长，贯彻因材施教的理念。故选择C。

[单选题]教师通过协调课堂内的各种人际关系，而有效实现预定教学目标的过程称为( )。

课堂管理

解析：课堂管理是指教师为有效利用时间、创造愉快的和富有建设性的学习环境以及减少问题行为而采取的组织教学、设计学习环境、处理课堂行为的一系列活动与措施。它强调的是协调各种影响，包括人际关系等，实现教学目标，故选择C.

[单选题]艾宾浩斯遗忘规律表明学习应进行( )。

及时复习

解析：艾宾浩斯遗忘曲线是有规律的，遗忘的进程很快，并且先快后慢。学得的知识在一天后，如不抓紧复习，就只剩下原来的25%，所以学习应进行及时复习。故选择B。

[单选题]一种学习对另一种学习的影响被称为( )。

学习迁移

解析：学习迁移也称训练迁移，是指一种学习对另一种学习的影响，或习得的经验对完成其他活动的影响，如通常所说的"举一反三"、"触类旁通"。故选择C。A选项，同化是指有机体面对一个新的刺激情景时，把刺激整合到已有的图式或认知结构中。B选项，顺应是指当有机体不能利用原有图式接受和解释新刺激时，其认知结构发生改变来适应刺激的影响。

[单选题]学生认识客观世界的基本途径是( )。

学习间接经验

解析：学生以学习间接经验为主，学习间接经验是学生认识客观世界的基本途径。故选择D。

[单选题]根据《中华人民共和国预防未成年人犯罪法》，下列( )不属于未成年人的不良行为。

违反课堂纪律

解析：《中华人民共和国预防未成年人犯罪法》第十四条规定：未成年人不得有下列不良行为：（一）旷课、夜不归宿；（二）携带管制刀具；（三）打架斗殴、辱骂他人；（四）强行向他人索要财物；（五）偷窃、故意毁坏财物；（六）参与赌博或者变相赌博；（七）观看、收听色情、淫秽的音像制品、读物等；（八）进入法律、法规规定未成年人不适宜进入的营业性歌舞厅等场所；（九）其他严重违背社会公德的不良行为。违反课堂纪律，不属于不良行为，故选择B。

[多选题]少年期是多事之秋，心理学家称之为"危险期"，因此青少年学生一定要严加管教。( )

解析：到了儿童后期和少年期，附属内驱力的强度有所减弱，而来自同伴、集体的赞许和认可逐渐替代了对长者的依附。在这期间，赢得同伴的赞许就成为一个强有力的动机因素。在这个时期要加以疏导，严加管教可能会导致逆反心理。

[单选题]建立评价学习全面发展的评价指标体系必须包括( )。

学科学习目标和一般性发展目标

解析：建立评价学习全面发展的评价指标体系必须包括学科学习目标和一般性发展目标。故选择C。