正确答案: C

壬子癸丑学制

题目：在我国近现代学制改革中，明确规定将学堂改为学校，实行男女教育平等，允许初等小学男女同校的学制是( )。

解析：1902年，我国正式颁布了第一个现代学制一一“壬寅学制”，又称《钦定学堂章程》，该学制以日本学制为蓝本，只颁布而没有实行。1904年，清政府颁布并推行了“癸卯学制”，又称《奏定学堂章程》，该学制主要继承了日本的学制，是中国实行的第一个现代学制，明显反映了“中学为体，西学为用”的思想。1912—1913年，南京临时政府颁布了“壬子癸丑学制”，是我国教育史上第一个具有资本主义性质的学制，第一次规定男女同校，废除读经，充实了自然科学的内容，并将学堂改为学校。1922年，全国教育联合会以美国学制为蓝本，颁布了“壬戌学制”，又称“新学制”或“六三三学制”，即小学六年，初中三年，高中三年。考点点拨：本题考查的是学制。壬寅学制、癸卯学制、壬子癸丑学制、壬戌学制是常考知识点，要注意区分四种学制的具体意义，可以简单总结为：“壬寅学制”是中国颁布的第一个现代学制，但没有实行；“癸卯学制”是中国开始实施的第一个现代学制；“壬子癸丑学制”是中国第一个带有资本主义色彩的学制；“壬戌学制”又叫“新学制”或“六三三学制”，是以美国学制为蓝本并对我国影响时间最长的学制。

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学习资料的答案和解析：

[单选题]These dogs become_________when they are restless as their surroundings suddenly change.

aggressive

解析：本题考查形容词辨析。aggressive“好斗的”，tedious“单调乏味的”，vigorous“精力充沛的”，puzzled“困惑的”。句意为“当这些狗因为周围环境突然变化而感到不安时，它们变得很 ”。A项最符合句意。

[单选题] Since ancient times, the destructive effects of earthquakes on humanlives and property have encouraged the search for reliable methods of earthquake prediction. This challenge remains and modern scientists continue to search for reliable methods to determine the time, place and intensity of individual quakes. One prediction technique involves an analysis of the recurrence rates of earthquakes as indicators of future activity. Earthquakes are concentrated in certain areas of the world which are subject to constant movements of earth's plates and it is in these areas that scientists focus their investigations. This search for pre-earthquake phenomena has received particular attention. In contrast to the ancient Greeks and Romans, who relied on the crying of dogs as a warning sign, modem scientists have focused on physical evidence for a coming earthquake. Evidence of plate strain can be found by measuring relative movements, while chemical changes also offer signals for scientists. Analysis of the changes in magnetic properties and conductivity of rocks provides further data for prediction. The electrical and magnetic properties of crustal rocks are particularly sensitive to strain. The conductivity of crustal rock is determined by the degree to which the rock is soaked with fluid and the electrolytic properties of those fluids. Before large earthquakes, small fractures develop in rocks, which change the quantity of fluid present. These changes can be measured and provide useful data. However, similar changes in the fluid, bearing capacity of rock can occur as a result of other factors such as changes in the water table, and therefore this technique is not entirely reliable. The ancient believe that the behavior of birds, cats and dogs provides evidence of inevitable earthquakes has recently been attended as a result of tests carried out in California. It has been shown that changes taking place in the metabolic rates of these animals correlate with subsequent seismic activity. It is assumed that the animals are sensitive to the seismic waves which precede major quakes. In zones where earthquakes are known to occur, improved construction techniques can significantly reduce the effects of seismic waves. If more accurate information regarding the time and intensity were available, govemments could take even more effective measures to reduce the impact on human life, if, however, an entirely accurate prediction technique became available, there would be significant social and political implications.

Crustal rocks can be used to predict earthquakes for their ________.

sensitivity to strain

解析：1.细节题。由题干可定位至第一段最后一句，根据“Earthquakes are concentrated in certain areas of the world which are subject to constant movements of earth's plates”可知，地震总是集中在受到地球板块持续运动影响的特定区域。故选项D正确。 2.细节题。短文第三段第一句指出“Analysis of the changes in magnetic properties and conductivity of rocks provides further data for prediction.”即对岩石的磁性和导电性变化的分析为地震预测提供了很多数据。故选项B正确。 3.细节题。根据短文第三段第二句“The electrical and magnetic properties of crustal rocks are particularly sensitive to strain.”即外壳岩的电磁性对压力很敏感，由此可判断出答案为B。 4.细节题。短文第三段最后一句指出“However，similar changes in the fluid，bearing capacity of rock can occur as a result of other factors such as changes in the water table, and therefore this technique is not entirely reliable.”即其他因素也会导致岩石含水量的变化，比如地下水位的变化。因此这种方法也不是完全可靠的。故选项A正确。 5.推断题。根据短文最后一段中“…improved construction techniques can significantly reduce the effects of seismic waves”可知选项C正确。