正确答案: A

Birds.

题目：22.请阅读Passage 2,完成第1～5小题。 　　Passage 2 　　Birds are a critical part of our ecological system.But more than ever,birds are threatened byhuman pollution and climate change. 　　We need the birds to eat insects,move seeds and pollen around,transfer nutrients from sea toland,clean up after the mass death of the annual Pacific salmon runs,or when a wild animal falls anywhere in a field or forest. 　　How could we enjoy spring without the birds fiitting busily in our garden or dropping by to check out the fiowers in our urban window box? Can you “contemplate” America without the soaring bald eagle,or even those scavengers like the pigeons and gulls that clean up discarded food scrapson our city streets and waterfronts? How diminished our lives would be without “them”? 　　Scavenging eagles and condors need hunters to behave responsibly and bury,or remove,theremains of any shot deer peppered with fragments of lead bullets.loons,ducks and other water birds will be poISOned by lead bullets and lead fishing sinkers if we allow such objects to drop intheir feeding space. 　　All sea and shore birds,even the puffins and guillemots of the otherwise pristine Aleutians,need us to make sure that no other heavy metals,like mercury and cadmium,are dumped in rivers and make their way across the oceans. 　　Birds like the terns,knots and shearwaters that migrate between the far north and deep,deep,south of our planet need people everywhere to cease and desist from filling in their wetland fuelstops and rest stations,and from constructing golfing resorts and factories in their feeding and breeding grounds. 　　Seabirds are among the most endangered vertebrate species on the planet,with the International Union for Conservation of Nature classifying 97 species as globally threatened,and 17 in thehighest category of critically threatened.Of greatest concern are the pelicans of the southern oceans and the spectacular,but slow-breeding albatross. 　　Plastic bags must be eliminated from natural environments so sea and shore birds don'tmistakenly carry such debris back to feed their chicks,with invariably lethal consequences.The albatross,cormorants and herons need us to stop over-fishing and compromising their normal foodsupply. 　　The pelicans,pengujns and all the birds that inhabit,or visit,our coastlines need us to ensurethat we do not dump oil into gulfs and bays,or release so much carbon dioxide into the atmospherethat the oceans turn acidic and we lose the mussels and oysters,the mass of calcareous plankton thatfeeds so many creatures,and the coral reefs that nurture enormous numbers of edible species. 　　Think about it:We share this small green planet.As they fly,feed and nest,the birds monitorthe health of the natural world for us,provided that we,in turn,make the effort to access that keyinformation.The birds and humans are both large,complex and ultimately vulnerable organisms that inhabitthe top ofthe food chain.At the end of the day,their fate will be our fate.

解析：指代题。根据第三段可以推测，“How diminished our lives would be without them?”中的them指的就是“鸟类”。故本题选A。

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学习资料的答案和解析：

[单选题]There is only one playground slide in this school,so the students have to take________touse it.

turns

解析：本题考查习惯搭配。句意为“因为学校只有一个滑梯，所以学生们不得不轮流使用”。take turns to do sth.为习惯搭配，意为“轮流去做某事”。故本题选A。

[单选题]广义的教育包括( )。

社会教育、学校教育和家庭教育

解析：本题考查教育的定义。教育有广义和狭义之分。从广义上说，凡是增进人的知识和技能、发展人的智力和体力、影响人的思想和品德的活动。它包括社会教育、学校教育和家庭教育。狭义的教育特指学校教育，是教育者根据一定的社会要求，有目的、有计划、有组织地对受教育者施加影响，促使他们朝着所期望的方向发展的活动。故选择A。

[单选题]要求学生"尽可能多地列举出报纸的用途"，学生给出"学习用""包东西"等各种各样的答案，这里考查的是创造性思维的( )。

灵活性

解析：灵活性指个人面对问题情境时，不墨守成规，不钻牛角尖，能随机应变，触类旁通。对同一问题所想出不同类型答案越多者，变通性越高。

[单选题]衡量人的品德的主要标志是( )。

道德行为

解析：品德主要是由道德认识、道德情感、道德意志和道德行为四种心理成分构成的。道德行为是在道德认识和道德情感的推动下，表现出来的对他人或社会具有一定道德意义的实际行为。道德行为是衡量品德的重要标志。看一个学生的品德，主要不是看他认识到什么，而是看他是否言行一致。道德的知、情、意、行四个环节最终应落实到行动上。故选择D。A项，道德认识是人们对道德规范及其执行意义的认识，是个体品德的核心部分。它主要是指一个人面对矛盾冲突的情境能自觉地意识到是非善恶，进而能就行动作出缜密的抉择。B项，道德情感就是伴随着道德认识而出现的一种内心体验。一般地说，在现实生活中的各种事件或是他人、个人的行为，凡是符合自己的认识或自己所维护的道德观念时，就会产生积极的情绪体验，否则就会产生消极的情绪体验。C项，道德意志是一个人自觉地调节行为，克服困难，以实现一定道德目的的心理过程，通常表现为一个人的信心、决心和恒心。意志行动过程包括头脑中产生各种可供选择的行动方案：预测各种行动方案的结果；衡量行动后的利弊得失；按自己的决定行动；现实生活中结果的出现；接受行为结果的反馈：反馈影响心理结构。

[单选题]教育的社会属性不包括( )。

教育的主导性

解析：教育的社会属性包括教育的永恒性：教育的历史性；在阶级社会，教育具有阶级性；教育的相对的独立性。