正确答案: A

casualness

题目： Looking for a new weight loss plan? Try living on top of a mountain. Mountain air contains less oxygen than air at lower altitudes, so breathing it causes the heart to beat faster and the body to bum more energy. A handful of studies have found that athletes training at high altitudes tend to lose weight. Doctor Florian Lippl of the University Hospital of Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich wondered how the mountain air would affect overweight individuals if they weren't doing any more physical activity than usual. Lippl and his colleagues invited 200verweight men to an environmental research station about 300 meters below the summit of Zugspitze, a mountain around 2,970 meters near the Austrian border. They were allowed to eat as much as they liked. The men also gave blood so that researchers could test for hormones(荷尔蒙) linked to appetite and fatness. At the end of the week, the men, whose mean weight starting out was 105 kg, had lost on average about 1.5 kg. The men's blood pressure also dropped, which the researchers attributed to weight lost. Exactly what caused the weight loss is uncertain. Loss of appetite is common at higher altitudes, and indeed the men ate significantly less than usual-about 700 calories fewer per day. Lippl also notes that because their consumption was being recorded, they may have been more self-conscious about what they ate. Regardless, eating less accounts for just 1 kg of the 1.5 kg lost, says Lippl. He thinks the increased metabolic rate, which was measured, also contributed to weight loss but cannot separate the different effects with the given data. Appetite loss at high altitudes could certainly be key, notes Damian Bailey, a physiologist at the University of Glamorgan, UK, who recently lost 11 kg during a 3-month expedition to the Andes in Chile. Unfortunately, for the average person there's no treatment that can resemble living at high altitude, says Lippl. The only alternative is a hypobaric chamber, which exposes subjects to low oxygen and isn't practical as a therapy. He says, half-jokingly,"if fat people plan their holidays, they might not go to the sea, but maybe to the mountains."

解析：1.细节题。文章第一段第三句指出“Mountain air contains less oxygen than air at lower altitudes，so breathing it causes the heart to beat faster and the body to burn more energy.”即山上空气所含的氧气少于低海拔地区，所以呼吸时心脏跳动更快，身体也消耗更多的能量。由此可知心率与氧气含量多少有关。故选D。 2.细节题。根据文章第二段中“…researchers could test for hormones linked to appetite and fatness”可知hormones会影响食欲和肥胖，即体重。故选A。 3.细节题。第三段第二句指出“…the men ate significantly less than usual-about 700 calories fewer per day”由此可知，选项B正确。 4.细节题。根据文章第四段可知，Damian Bailey认同高海拔地区能影响人的食欲，从而影响体重．因为他在安第斯山脉考察的3个月里瘦了11公斤。故选D。 5.推断题。根据短文最后一句“He says，half-jokingly，if fat people…”中half-jokingly (半开玩笑地)可推断出Lippl在谈到通过去高原地区度假这种方式来减肥是随意的，开玩笑的。故选A。

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学习资料的答案和解析：

[单选题]为防止考试焦虑症发生，学校咨询人员提前对这些学生集体指导、讲授自我放松缓解紧张的方法属于( )。

问题预防

解析：早期干预：面向少数学生进行，他们可能已经出现某种程度的心理和行为问题，如果得不到及时的帮助，就可能演变为严重的障碍。早期干预就是指在问题出现初期给学生以帮助。缺陷矫正：对于极少数长期处于恶劣环境下已经积累产生了严重的心理和行为障碍的学生，需要进行系统的矫正。发展指导：面向全体学生进行。学生在不同的时期，面临不同的适应和发展的任务，可能会出现一些普遍性的问题。在此之前，我们就应该开展必要的指导活动，帮助学生成功完成心理一社会发展任务。问题预防：对于部分学生群体来说，目前并没有明显的问题，但是某些心理素质比较薄弱的学生，有可能在一定环境条件下出现问题。问题预防就是指在可能的问题发生之前，主动开展各种形式的工作，提高学生将来应付问题的能力。

[单选题]Which of the following is true of ultimate assessment?

Mainly based on testing and done at the end of a school year.

解析：考查终结性评价。终结性评价是学业评价的手段，包括期末考核、学段考核和毕业考核，一般采用考试的形式进行评价。

[单选题]最早把自然科学纳入到教学内容的是( )。

墨家

解析：墨家约产生于战国时期。创始人为墨翟（墨子）。墨家是一个纪律严密的学术团体，其首领称"巨子"，其成员到各国为官必须推行墨家主张，所得俸禄亦须向团体奉献。墨家学派有前后期之分，前期思想主要涉及社会政治、伦理及认识论问题，关注现世战乱：后期墨家在逻辑学方面有重要贡献，开始向科学研究领域靠拢，其目的在于帮助兼士获得"各从其所能"的实际本领。故选择D。A项，儒家是孔子所创立、孟子所发展、荀子所集其大成，之后延绵不断，至今仍有一定生命力的学术流派。B项，春秋时期，老子集古圣先贤之大智慧。总结了古老的道家思想的精华，形成了"无为无不为"的道德理论，标志着道家思想已经正式成型。对中华哲学、文学、科技、艺术、音乐、养生、宗教等等影响深远。C项，法家是中国历史上提倡以法制为核心思想的重要学派，以富国强兵为己任，《汉书·艺文志》列为"九流"之一。

[单选题]"好学不倦""努力精通业务""精益求精"是教师职业道德中()在实践中的具体要求。

严谨治学

解析：《中小学教师职业道德规范》（1997年修订）"严谨治学"要求：教师要树立优良学风，刻苦钻研业务，不断学习新知识，探索教育教学规律，改进教育教学方法，提高教育、教学和科研水平。题目中的"好学不倦""努力精通业务""精益求精"体现了严谨治学，故选择C。

[单选题]What's the primary principle in teaching pronunciation?

Accuracy.

解析：考查语音教学原则。准确性原则是语音教学的首要原则。

[单选题]研究表明，人的注意是不能长时间地保持固定不变的，经常出现周期性的加强或减弱，这是( )。

注意的起伏

解析：人的感受性不能长时间地保持固定的状态，而是间歇地加强或减弱，要使注意持久地集中在一个对象上，是很困难的。短时间内注意周期性的不随意跳跃现象称为注意的起伏或注意的动摇。

[单选题]以下不属于讲授法的方法是( )。

讲评

解析：讲授法包括讲述、讲读、讲解、讲演。讲评指讲述评论，如讲评学生作业。