正确答案: C

"神舟七号"发射成功

题目：2008年9月27日，宇航员翟志刚进行了太空行走，标志着中国的航天事业进行了一个新的发展阶段。表明中国航天技术在21世纪已经走在欧洲和日本前面的标志性事件是( )。

解析：题干描述的事件是中国神舟七号成功发射。故选择C。神舟九号宇宙飞船与"天宫一号"完成首次载人对接任务，也是中国首位女宇航员进入太空一一刘洋。神舟八号与此前发射的"天宫一号"目标飞行器进行了空间交会对接（非载人对接任务）。神舟七号首次进行出舱作业的飞船，突破和掌握出舱活动相关技术。神舟六号是中国第一艘执行"多人飞天"任务的载人飞船。A选项，1964年中国第一颗原子弹爆炸成功。B选项，1970年中国的第一颗人造卫星"东方红一号"发射成功。D选项，2007年我国首颗绕月人造卫星"嫦娥一号"发射成功。故选择C。

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学习资料的答案和解析：

[单选题]教育是一种社会现象，它产生于社会生活的需要，而归根到底产生于( )。

生产活动

解析：劳动起源说认为，劳动是整个人类社会生活的第一个根本条件，劳动创造了人类社会，创造了人类本身，劳动的复杂性要求通过教育把人类的经验传递给下一代。因此，教育归根到底产生于生产劳动。

[单选题]教育具有相对独立性其表现不包括( )。

教育具有历史性，在阶级社会表现为阶级性

解析：教育的相对独立性体现在：教育具有质的规定性、教育具有历史继承性、教育具有与社会生产力和政治经济制度发展的不平衡性、教育受其他社会意识形态的影响。C选项属于教育的另外一个单独的社会属性。

[单选题]学生在教师指导下运用知识反复完成一定的操作，或解决某类作业与习题，以加深理解和形成技能技巧。这种教学方法是( )。

练习法

解析：练习法是学生在教师指导下运用知识反复完成一定的操作，或解决某类作业与习题，并形成技能技巧的方法。读书指导法是教师指导学生通过阅读教科书或参考书，以获得知识、巩固知识、培养学生自学能力的一种方法。演示法是教师在课堂上通过展示各种实物、直观教具或进行示范性实验，让学生通过观察获得感性认识的教学方法。实验法是学生在教师指导下，利用一定的仪器和设备，采用特定的方法进行独立操作，在观察研究中获取直接经验、培养技能技巧的方法。

[单选题]经典条件反射的建立过程与操作条件反射的建立过程无根本差异。( )A.正确B.错误

解析：经典条件反射是"刺激一反应"的过程，操作性条件反射是"反应一强化"的过程。

[单选题]通过人格感化来培养学生品德的方法是( )。

陶冶教育法

解析：陶冶教育法是指教师利用高尚的情感、美好的事物和优美的环境感染和熏陶学生的方法，情感陶冶包括人格感化、环境陶冶和艺术陶冶等。故选择B。A项，榜样示范法是指用榜样人物的高尚思想、模范行为、优异成就来影响学生的思想、情感和行为的方法。用来示范的榜样主要有家长和数师、先进典型、英雄人物、革命领袖、历史伟人和文艺形象等。C项，参观法是教师根据教学目的和要求，组织学生对实际实物进行实地观察、研究，从而在实际中获得新知识或巩固、验证已学知识的方法。D项，实践锻炼法是教育者组织学生参加多种实际活动，在行为实践中使学生接受磨练和考验，以培养优良思想品德的方法。

[单选题]Passage 1 　　In recent years, however, society has cometo understand the limitations of schoolsthat merely sort and rank students. We have discovered that students in the bottomone-third to one-half of the rank order-plus all who drop out before being ranked--fail to develop the foundational reading,writing, andmathematical proficiencies needed to survivein, let alone contribute to, an increasinglytechnically complex and ethnically diverse culture. So today, in asking schools toleave no child behind, society is askingthat educators raise up the bottom of therank-order distribution to a specified level of competence. We call those expectations our academic achievement standards Every statehas them, and, as a matter of public policy,schools are to be held accountable for lakingsure that all students meet them. 　　To be clear, the mission of sorting has not been eliminated from the schooling process.For the foreseeable future, students will still be ranked at the end of high school. However,society now dictates that such a celebrationof differences in amount learned must start at a certain minimum level of achievement for all. 　　The implications of this change in missionfor the role of assessment are profound. 　　Assessment and grading procedures designedto permit only a few students to succeed(those at the top of the rank-order distribution)must now be revised to permit the possibilitythat all students could succeed at some appropriate level. Furthermore, proceduresthat permitted(perhaps even encouraged)some students to give up in hopelessness andto stop trying must now be replaced by othersthat promote hope and continuous effort.In short, the entire emotional environmentsurrounding the prospect of being evaluatedmust change, especially for perennial low achievers. 　　The students' mission is no longer merelyto beat other students in the achievementrace. At least part of their goal must be to become competent. Teachers must believethat all students can acnieve a certain levelof academic success, must bring all of theirstudents to believe this of themselves, must accommodate the fact that students learn at different rates by making use of differentiatedinstruction, and must guide all studentstoward the attainment of standards. 　　The driving dynamic force for students cannot merely be competition for an artificialscarcity of success. Because all students can and must succeed in meeting standards,cooperation and collaboration must come intoplay.The driving forces must be confidence,optimism, and persistence--for all, not justfor some. All students must come to believethat they can succeed at learning if theytry. They must have continuous access to evidence of what they believe to be credible academic success, however small. Thisnew understanding has spawned increasedinterest in formative assessment in recentyears.

Which of the following would happen dueto the change in mission for the role of assessment?

Most students would achieve a certainlevel of academic success

解析：根据第四段“The students, mlssion 1 s nolonger merely to beat other students in the achievement race.. ill students can achieve a certain level of academic success”可知.A项正确.C项错误。B项文章没有提及。根据第二段”To be clear, the mission of sorting has not been eliminated from the schooling process.可知，D选项错误。故选择A。

[单选题]我国先秦时期，主张“有教无类”，倡导“因材施教”的教育家是( )。

孔子

解析：孔子是中国伟大的教育家、思想家，儒家学派的创始者。他倡导“有教无类”“因材施教”“启发诱导”“温故知新”“学思行结合”等思想。考点点拨：本题考查的是孔子的教育思想。孔子的教育思想是常考知识点，需要考生准确记忆。孔子是中国古代最伟大的教育家和思想家，他的教育思想在《论语》一书中有充分的反映。孔子的教育思想是常考知识点，考生应熟记《论语》中的著名教育思想，如“有教无类”“因材施教”“不愤不启，不悱不发”“学而不思则罔，思而不学则殆”等。