正确答案: A

个体差异

题目：教师在教育教学中应当平等对待学生，关注学生的( )。

解析：《中华人民共和国义务教育法》第二十九条规定，教师在教育教学中应当平等对待学生，关注学生的个体差异，因材施教，促进学生的充分发展。故选择A。

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学习资料的答案和解析：

[单选题]对某一数学题，小卫和小波用不同的方法得出了同样的答案。周老师没有简单判断孰优孰劣，而是请他们上台陈述自己思考、推理、证明的步骤，这 　　一做法，突出体现了周老师具有( )。

关注过程的教学理念

解析：新课程改革的教学观强点，教学从"重结论轻过程"转向"重结论的同时更重过程"。教师没有一味强调答案结果，而是关注了两位同学思考步骤，更加重视过程。故选择A。

[单选题]王某担任某县高二英语教师期间通过了硕士研究生入学考试，学校以王某服务期未满，学校英语教师不足为由不予批准王某在职学习。王某欲以剥夺其参加进修权利为由提出申诉，受理申诉的机构应当是( )。

当地县教育局

解析：《中华人民共和国教师法》第三十九条规定"教师对学校或者其他教育机构侵犯其合法权益的，或者对学校或者其他教育机构作出的处理不服的，可以向教育行政部门提出申诉，教育行政部门应当在接到申诉的三十日内，作出处理。"对教师提出的申诉的受理机构是当地教育行政部门。王某在某县就职，因此王某的申诉由当地县教育局受理。故选择A。

[单选题]"教育的目的在于使个人能够继续他们的教育，或者说，学习的目的和报酬，是继续不断的生长能力。"持这种观点的人，在教育目的上主张( )。

教育适应生活说

解析：斯宾塞提出了教育准备生活说，也称为教育预备说。他认为教育应当教导一个人怎样生活，使他获得生活所需要的各种科学知识，为完满的生活做好准备。杜威反对斯宾塞提出的为完满生活做准备的教育观，提出了"教育即生活"，教育就是生活的过程，教育要适应生活，主张"教育适应生活说"，题干所述即为此观点：教育改造生活是陶行知的观点。

[单选题]提出"泛智"教育思想，探讨"把一切事物教给一切人类的全部艺术"的教育家是( )。

夸美纽斯

解析：夸美纽斯提出"泛智"教育思想，探讨"把一切事物教给一切人类的全部艺术"。故选择A。夸美纽斯的其它考点：新教教育的代表人物：强调教育要遵循人的自然发展的原则：首次提出并论证了直观性、系统性、量力性、巩固性和自觉性等教学方法。夸美纽斯的《大教学论》标志着教育学独立形态的诞生。其中，提出了提出"泛智教育"和普及初等教育的主张，并对班级授课制做出系统阐述。B选项，赞可夫，苏联教育家，作品<教学与发展》。赞可夫提出了发展性教学理论的五条教学原则，即高难度、高速度、理论知识起主导作用、理解学习过程、使所有学生包括差生都得到发展的原则。C选项，苏霍姆林斯基，苏联教育家。作品<给教师的建议》（也称为<给教师的一百条建议》）<把整个心灵献给孩子》《帕夫雷什中学》等著作中，系统论述了他的全面和谐教育思想。他的著作被称为"活的教育学"。D选项，杜威是实用主义哲学创始人、进步教育代表人物。作品<民主主义与教育》。主要考点包括提出三中心论一一"儿童中心（学生中心）"、"经验中心"、"活动中心"：教育的本质一一教育即生活、教育即生长、教育即经验的改组或改造、学校即社会：强调做中学：强调五步教学法。

[单选题]个体对他人的外表有良好的印象，往往也会倾向于肯定其人格品质。这种效应是( )。

晕轮效应

解析：晕轮效应是根据某一方面好的品质推广到其他方面，又叫光环效应。

[单选题]Passage 1 NBA centre Jason Collins recently announced he was gay in a cover story for Sports Illustraied. In other words, he "came out of the closet." This expression for revealing one's homosexuality may seem natural. Being in the closet implies hiding from the outside world, and the act of coming out of it implies the will to stop hiding. But though the closet has long been a metaphor for privacy or secrecy, its use with reference to homosexuality is relatively recent. According to George Chauncey's comprehensive history of modern gay culture, Gay New York, the closet metaphor was not used by gay people until the 1960s. Before then, it doesn't appear anywhere "in the records of the gay movement or in the novels, diaries, or letters of gay men and lesbians." "Coming out," however, has long been used in the gay community, but it first meant something different than it does now. "A gay man's coming out originally referred to his being formally presented to the largest collective manifestation of prewar gay society, the enormous dra~; balls that were patterned on the debutante and masquerade balls of the dominant culture and were regularly held in New York, Chicago, New Orleans, Baltimore, and other cities." The phrase "coming out" did not refer to coming out of hiding, but to joining into a society of peers. The phrase was borrowed from the world of debutante balls, where young women "came out" in being officially introduced to society. The gay debutante balls were a matter of public record and often covered in the newspaper, so "coming out" within gay society often meant revealing your sexual orientation in the wider society as well, but the phrase didn't necessarily carry the implication that if you hadn't yet come out, you were keeping it a secret. There were other metaphors for the act of hiding or revealing homosexuality. Gay people could "wear a mask" or "take off the mask". A man could "wear his hair up" or "let his hair down", or "drop hairpins" that would only be recognized by other gay men. It is unclear exactly when gay people start.ed using the closet metaphor, but "it may have been used initially because many men who remained 'covert' thought of their homosexuality as a sort of 'skeleton in the closet'." It may also have come from outsiders who viewed it that way. It seems that "coming out of the closet" was born as a mixture of two metaphors: a debutante proudly stepping into the arms of a community and a shocking secret being kept in hiding. Now the community is the wider community, and the secret is no longer shocking. "Coming out" is a useful phrase, but it need not imply a closet.

Which of the following statement about "coming out" is True?

The phrase was borrowed from the world of debutante balls.

解析：A项意为"柜'一直是同性恋的隐喻"，这与第二段"…the closet metaphor was not used by gay people until the 1960s."相矛盾，因此错误；B选项意为…出柜'最初的意思是公开同性恋"，这与第三段"A gay man's coming out originally referred to his being formally presented to the largest collective manifestation of prewar gay society"不相符；C选项意为"'出柜'一词是从上流女子舞会里借用过来的"，与第三段"The phrase was borrowed from the world of debutante balls"相符合，故正确；D项与第三段"The phrase'commg out' did not refer to coming out of hiding"意思相反。因此选择C。

[单选题]请阅读 Passage 2,完成 1~5小题。 　　Passage 2 　　Old stereotypes die hard.Picture a video-game player and you will likely imagine a teenage boy,by himself,compulsively hammering away at a game involving rayguns and aliens that splatter when blasted.Ten years ago that might have bome some relation to reality.But today a gamer is as likely to be a middle-aged commuter playing "Angry Birds" on her smartphone.In AmericA.the biggest market,the average game-player is 37 years old.Two-fifths are female. 　　Over the past ten years the video-game industry has grown from a small business to a huge, mainstream one.With global sales of $56 billion in 2010,it is more than twice the size of the recorded-music industry.Despite the downturn,it is growing by almost 9% a year. 　　Is this success due to luck or skill? The answer matters,because the rest of the entertainment industry has tended to treat gaming as being a lucky beneficiary of broader technological changes. Video gaming,unlike musiC.film or television,had the luck to be born digital.In fact,there is plenty for old media to learn. 　　Video games have certainly been swept along by two forces: demography and technology.The first gaming generation-the children of the 1970s and early 1980s-is now over 30.Many still love gaming,and can afford to spend far more on it now.Meanwhile rapid improvements in computing power have allowed game designers to offer experiences that are now often more cinematic than the cinema. 　　But even granted this good fortune,the game-makers have been clever.They have reached out to new customers with new methods.They have branched out into education,corporate training and even warfare,and have embraced digital downloads and mobile devices with enthusiasm.Though big-budget games are still popular,much of the growth now comes from "casual" games that are simple,cheap and playable in short bursts on mobile phones or in web browsers. 　　The industry has excelled in a particular area-pricing.In an era when people are disinclined to pay for content on the weB.games publishers were quick to develop "freemium" models,where you rely on non-paying customers to build an audience and then extract cash only from a fanatical few. 　　As gaming comes to be seen as just another medium,its tech-savvy approach could provide a welcome shot in the arm for existing media groups.

One special factor of the success of video games is that__________.

fiexible pricing

解析：推断题。根据题干关键词special factor定位到第六段。开头提到“The industry has excelled in a particular area-pricing”，题干是对原文的同义复现。四个选项都是电子游戏行业成功的原因，但特殊的因素之一就是pricing了，这是音乐、电影和电视等传统媒体尤其需要学习的。根据下文解释也可知道正确答案为B项“灵活的定价”。