正确答案: A

She is no doubt over-optimistic about it.

题目：请阅读 Passage 2,完成1~5小题。 　　Passage 2 　　Taylor Swift,the seven-time Grammy winner,is known for her articulate lyrics,so there was nothing surprising about her writing a long column for The Wall Street Journal about the future of the music industry.Yet there's reason to doubt the optimism of what she had to say. 　　"This moment in music is so exciting because the creative avenues an artist can explore are limitless," Swift wrote."In this moment in musiC.stepping out of your comfort zone is rewardeD.and sonic evolution is not only accepted ...it is celebrated.The only real risk is being too afraid to take a risk at all." 　　That's hard to reconcile with Nielsen's mid-year U.S.music report,which showed a 15 percent year-on-year drop in album sales and a 13 percent decline in digital track sales.This could be the 2013 story all over again,in which streaming services cannibalize their growth from digital downloads,whose numbers dropped for the first time ever last year,except that even including streams,album sales are down 3.3 percent so far in 2014.Streaming has grown even more than it did last year,42 percent compared to 32 percent,but has failed to make up for a general loss of interest in music. 　　Consider this: in 2014 to date,Americans purchased 593.6 million digital tracks and heard 70.3 million video and audio streams for a sum total of 663.9 million.In the comparable period of 2013,the total came to 731.7 million. 　　Swift,one ofthe few artists able to pull off stadium tours,believes it's all about quality."People are still buying albums,but now they're buying just a few of them," she wrote."They are buying only the ones that hit them like an arrow through the heart." 　　In 2000,album sales peaked at 785 million.Last year,they were down to 415.3 million.Swift is right,but for many of the artists whose albums pierce hearts like arrows,it's too late.sales of vinyl albums have increased 40.4 percent so far this year,according to Nielsen,and the top-selling one was guitar hero Jack White's Lazaretto.The top 10 also includes records by the aging or deaD.such as the Beatles and Bob Marley & the Wailers.More modern entries are not exactly teen sensations,either: the Black Keys,Beck and the Arctic Monkeys.None of these artists is present on the digital sales charts,including or excluding streams.The top-selling album so far this year,by a huge margin,is the saccharine soundtrack to the Disney animated hit,"Frozen" . 　　When,like me,you're over 40 and you believe the music industry has been in decline since in 1993 (the year Nirvana released in Utero),it's easy to criticize the music taste of "the kids these days" ,a term even the 23-year old Swift uses.My fellow dinosaurs will understand if they compare 1993's top albums to Nielsen's 2014 list.But these kids don't just like to listen to different music than we do,they no longer find much worth hearing. 　　The way the music industry works now may have something to do with <u>that</u>.In the old 　　days,musicians showed their work to industry executives,the way most book authors still do to publishers (although that tradition,too,is eroding).The executives made mistakes and were credited with brilliant finds.Sometimes they followed the public taste,and sometimes they strove to shape it,taking big financial and career risks in the process.These days,according to Swift,it's all about the social networks."A friend of mine,who is an actress,told me that when the casting for her recent movie came down to two actresses,the casting director chose the actress with more Twitter followers," Swift wrote."In the future,artists will get record deals because they have fans-not the other way around." 　　The social networks are fickle and self-consciously sarcastic (see the recent potato salad phenomenon).They are not about arrow-through-the-heart sincerity.That's why YouTube made Psy a star,but it couldn't have been the medium for Beatle maniA.Justin Timberlake has 32.9 million Twitter followers,but he's no Jack White. 　　In the music industry's <u>heyday</u>,it produced a lot of schlock.But it got great music out to the masses,too.These days,it expects artists to do their own promotion and for those who less good at that than at making musiC.it may mean not getting heard.For fans it means less good music to stream and downloaD.Well,there's always the warm and fuzzy world of vinyl nostalgiA.I guess.

解析：态度题。根据第一段最后一句“Yet there's reason to doubt the optimism of what she had to say.”可见作者对Taylor在《华尔街日报》上发表的言论并不买账，认为音乐的前景并不像她所说的那样乐观。故本题选A。

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学习资料的答案和解析：

[单选题] What's the starting point and destination of English course?

Students' development.

解析：考查英语课程内容。学生的发展是英语课程的出发点和归宿。故选B。

[单选题]某些学校认为"明亮的教室要干净，神圣的教室要安静。"不少教师强调课堂要鸦雀无声，追求课堂秩序井然。学校的做法( )。

不正确，没有以学习者为中心

解析：新课程改革背景下的教学观强调，要从教育者中心转向学习者中心一一学生是学习和教学的主体。一味的追求安静，压抑学生的天性，影响学生参与课堂，学校的规章制度应该以学生为中心，一切应为了学生更好的发展，故选择B项。

[单选题]学生已经有了"鸟"的观念，再学习"百灵鸟"这种动物。这种学习是( )。

下位学习

解析：下位学习又称类属学习，是指将概括程度或包容范围较低的新概念或命题，归属到认知结构中原有的概括程度或包容范围较高的适当概念或命题之下，从而获得新概念或新命题的意义。新学习的内容"百灵鸟"是概况程度较低的新概念，原有的"鸟"的观念是概括程度较高的概念，故这种学习属于下位学习。

[单选题]探究学习实施的过程是( )。

问题阶段一一计划阶段一一研究阶段一一解释阶段一一反思阶段

解析：探究学习就是基于问题解决活动来建构知识的过程。在教学过程中应该是通过有意义的问题情境，让学生通过不断地发现问题和解决问题，来学习与所探究问题有关的知识，形成解决问题的技能以及自主学习的能力。其实施的过程包括，问题阶段、计划阶段、研究阶段、解释阶段、反思阶段。故选择B。

[单选题]心理学研究表明，个体的遗忘曲线变化规律是( )。

先快后慢

解析：德国心理学家艾宾浩斯研究发现，遗忘在学习之后立即开始，最初的遗忘速度较快，以后逐渐减慢。

[单选题]以美国教育家杜威为代表的现代教育派倡导的"三中心"是( )。

儿童、活动、经验

解析：杜威的"三中心"指儿童中心、活动中心、经验中心。故选择C。杜威的其它考点：杜威是实用主义哲学创始人、进步教育代表人物。作品《民主主义与教育》。主要考点：教育的本质一一教育即生活、教育即生长、教育即经验的改组或改造、学校即社会：强调做中学：强调五步教学法。D项，赫尔巴特三中心指教师、课堂、教材。赫尔巴特的其它考点：赫尔巴特是科学教育学之父、传统教育代表人。将伦理学和心理学作为教育学的理论基础：提出"四阶段教学"理论一一清楚、联想、系统和方法：提出教育性教学原则一一德育与教学相结合；教育目的一一社会本位论，培养良好社会公民。

[单选题]Which of the following sets of phonetic features characterizes the English phoneme/i:/？

［high, front, unrounded］

解析：考查语音知识。元音一般从四个方面进行描述：舌位(high，mid，low)，舌头最高部位的位置（front，central，back），长度(long，short)或紧张度(tense，lax)，唇的开口度(rounded，unrounded)。/i:/为high,front,tense,unrounded，故选D.

[单选题]Students should get the main idea of the listening content, at the same time they should find some specific information. This is a procedure in ________.

while-listening

解析：考查听力教学过程。听中阶段主要是培养学生泛听主旨、精听细节的能力。在实施教学的过程中，要鼓励学生第一遍去精取粗，抓内容要点和前后线索，第二遍听取一些具体的信息。一般情况下通常要让学生确定听力重点，带着六要素--who，where，when，what，why，how去听。