正确答案: C

端午

题目："屈氏已沉死，初任哀不容"，这句诗中蕴含我国哪一个节日。( )

解析：端午节是我国四大传统节日之一。在农历五月初五。一般认为，该节与纪念屈原有关。主要民俗活动有：以吃粽子、赛龙舟等来悼念他。端午习俗有喝雄黄酒、挂香袋、吃粽子、插花和菖蒲、斗百草、驱"五毒"等。故选择C。A选项，中秋节是我国四大传统节日之一，我国民间传统节日，又称团圆节。在农历八月十五，故称中秋。主要民俗活动有：赏月、祭月、观潮、吃月饼等。B选项，重阳节是我国四大传统节日之一，我国民间传统节日。农历九月初九为"重阳"。主要民俗活动：登高望远、赏菊赋诗、喝菊花酒、插茱萸等习俗。现定为老人节。D选项，中元节是我国四大祭祖节日之一，七月十五日，俗称七月半。道教称为中元节，佛教称为盂兰节，民间旧称鬼节。主要民俗活动：上坟扫墓，祭祀祖先。

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学习资料的答案和解析：

[多选题]教育现代化就是指学校设施的现代化。( )

[单选题]在下列教学组织形式中，有利于高效、大面积提高教学质量的是( )。

班级授课制

解析：本题考查的是知识点是教学组织形式的特点。其中，班级授课制的优点是有利于大规模的教学，后三者都不适合采用大规模教学。故选择A。B选项，现场教学是班级授课制的辅助形式。它是根据一定的教学任务，组织学生到工厂、农村、社会生活现场和其他场所，通过观察、调查或实际操作进行教学的组织形式。C选项，个别教学组织形式主要是由学生个人与适合个别学习的教材内容发生接触，并辅以师生之间的直接联系。它虽然也有一群学生，但没有固定的班级，学生的年龄和程度各不相同，每个学生学习内容和学习活动也无计划，随时随意决定学习什么和不学习什么。D选项，分组教学是指按学生智力水平或学习成绩等因素，分成不同的组进行教学的一种教学组织形式。

[单选题]"余音绕梁，三日不绝于耳"属于( )。

形象记忆

解析：形象记忆是对感知过的事物具体形象的记忆。"余音绕梁，三日不绝于耳"就是对感知过的声音形象的记忆。

[单选题]下列心理现象中，不属于学习的是( )。

暗适应

解析：学习是由经验引起的行为或思维的比较持久的变化。暗适应是本能所引起的，故不是学习。

[单选题]考试时注意自己的答题速度和时间，属于( )。

监控策略

解析：考试时监视自己的速度和时间属于元认知策略中的监控策略。

[单选题] The British Medical Journal recently featured a strong response to what was judged an inappropriately lenient reaction by a medical school to a student cheating in an examination. Although we have insufficient reliable data about the extent of this phenomenon, its prevention, or its effective management, much can be concluded and acted upon on the basis of common sense and concepts with face validity. There is general agreement that there should be zero tolerance of cheating in a profession based on trust and one on which human lives depend.It is reasonable to assume that cheaters in medical school will be more likely than others to continue to act dishonestly with patients, colleagues, insurers, and government. The behaviours under question are multifactorial in origin.There are familial, religious, and cultural values that are acquired long before medical school.For example, countries, cultures, and subcultures exist where bribes and dishonest behaviour are almost a norm.There are secondary schools in which neither staff nor students tolerate cheating and others where cheating is rampant; there are homes which imbue young people with high standards of ethical behaviour and others which leave ethical training to the harmful influence of television and the market place. Medical schools reflect society and cannot be expected to remedy all the ills of a society.The selection process of medical students might be expected to favour candidates with integrity and positive ethical behaviour-if one had a reliable method for detecting such characteristics in advance.Medical schools should be the major focus of attention for imbuing future doctors with integrity and ethical sensitivity.Unfortunately there are troubling, if inconclusive, data that suggest that during medical school the ethical behaviour of medical students does not necessarily improve; indeed, moral development may actually stop or even regress. The creation of a pervasive institutional culture of integrity is essential.It is critical that the academic and clinical leaders of the institution set a personal example of' integrity.Medical schools must make their institutional position and their expectations of students absolutely clear from day one.The development of a school′s culture of integrity requires a partnership with the students in which they play an active role in its creation and nurturing.Moreover, the school′s examination system and general treatment of students must be perceived as fair.Finally, the treatment of infractions must be firm, fair, transparent, and consistent.

According to the author, what precautions should medical schools take to prevent students from cheating?

Medical schools should teach future doctors integrity and ethical values.

解析：1.根据文章第一段第二句"…we have insufficient reliable data about the extent of this phenomenon，its prevention，or its effective management…"可知，到目前为止，我们还不是很了解医学院作弊现象的严重程度，也不甚明了该如何对此类现象进行预防和管理。既然目前所掌握的数据是不充足的，那么选项A、B、C所说的都不符合文章的原意，故均为错误选项。故选D。 2.作者在第二段说，人们一致认为，医学的基础就是诚信。在医学院作弊的学生通常比其他人更容易做出欺骗病人、同事和政府的事情。因此，医学以诚信为本的性质就决定了对医学院的作弊行为应该坚决打击。B项说的是打击作弊行为的结果，而不是原因。C项"医学依靠政府"，D项"医学院中作弊行为普遍存在"，都不符合文章内容。 3.作者在讨论作弊现象的根源时，结论是，作弊现象存在的原因是多方面的。学生在上医学院之前受到的家庭、社会和文化的熏陶在很大程度上决定他们是否会在考试中作弊。也就是选项A的内容。选项B、C、D的说法虽然都有道理，但是都过于绝对。学校的环境、家长的教育、电视的影响，虽然都起到一定作用，但是都不能说是决定性的。 4.A项"医学院应该确立明确的道德标准，淘汰道德素质低下的申请者"是错误选项。因为文章谈到如何甄别申请医学院学生的道德素质的时候，作者用的是虚拟语气"if one had a reliable method for detecting such characteristics in advance"，即如果能有可靠的标准，能预先了解学生的道德水平，医学院在录取的时候应该照顾那些恪守道德准则的学生。可见目前并没有这样的标准可循。B项和文章的内容相反，因为文章明确地说"Medical schools…cannot be expected to remedy all the ills of a society."D项不正确，因为文章的本意是，医学院的学生在学期间，道德素质不仅不会提高，而且可能下降。但是作者并没有说，医学院在提高学生素质方面无计可施，而是敦促学校采取相应措施，增强未来医师们的道德感，故选C。 5.C项和文章最后一段的"The development of a school′s culture of integrity requires a partnership with the students in which they play an active role in its creation and nurturing"相呼应。A项不正确，因为作者没有建议医学院应该降低考试难度。B项的叙述不准确，因为作者的本意是医学界的杰出人物应该树立楷模，而不是让他们设定一套人人遵循的行规。D项不正确，作者仅提议医学院对违反道德准则学生的处罚应该是坚决、公正、透明和统一的。作者并没有明确倡议一旦有作弊行为就将其开除出校。

[多选题]简述知觉的基本特征。