正确答案: B

14-16周岁

题目：根据《未成年人保护法》和<预防未成年人犯罪法》的规定，对未成年人犯罪一律不公开审理的年龄是( )。

解析：《中华人民共和国未成年人保护法》第四十二条规定，十四周岁以上不满十六周岁的未成年人犯罪的案件，一律不公开审理。十六周岁以上不满十八周岁的未成年人犯罪的案件，一般也不公开审理（可以不公开审理，而非明确规定禁止）。故选择B。

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学习资料的答案和解析：

[单选题]发现学习就是有意义学习。( )A.正确B.错误

解析：奥苏伯尔根据以下两个维度对认知领域的学习进行分类。一个维度是学习进行的方式，据此将学习分为接受学习和发现学习。另一个维度是学习材料与学习者原有知识的关系，据此将学习分为机械学习和有意义学习。发现学习既可能是有意义的，也可能是机械的。

[单选题]Passage 1 　　In recent years, however, society has cometo understand the limitations of schoolsthat merely sort and rank students. We have discovered that students in the bottomone-third to one-half of the rank order-plus all who drop out before being ranked--fail to develop the foundational reading,writing, and mathematical proficiencies needed to survivein, let alone contribute to, an increasingly technically complex and ethnically diverse culture. So today, in asking schools toleave no child behind, society is asking that educators raise up the bottom of therank-order distribution to a specified level of competence. We call those expectations our academic achievement standards Every statehas them, and, as a matter of public policy,schools are to be held accountable for lakingsure that all students meet them. 　　To be clear, the mission of sorting has not been eliminated from the schooling process.For the foreseeable future, students will still be ranked at the end of high school. However,society now dictates that such a celebration of differences in amount learned must start at a certain minimum level of achievement for all. 　　The implications of this change in missionfor the role of assessment are profound. 　　Assessment and grading procedures designecto permit only a few students to succeed(those at the top of the rank-order distribution)must now be revised to permit the possibilitythat all students could succeed at some appropriate level. Furthermore, proceduresthat permitted(perhaps even encouraged)some students to give up in hopelessness andto stop trying must now be replaced by othersthat promote hope and continuous effort.In short, the entire emotional environment surrounding the prospect of being evaluated must change, especially for perennial low achievers. 　　The students' mission is no longer merelyto beat other students in the achievementrace. At least part of their goal must be to become competent. Teachers must believethat all students can achieve a certain levelof academic success, must bring all of theirstudents to believe this of themselves, must accommodate the fact that students learn at different rates by making use of differentiat edinstruction, and must guide all studentstoward the attainment of standards.The driving dynamic force for students cannot merely be competition for an artificialscarcity of success. Because all students can and must succeed in meeting standards,cooperation and collaboration must come intoplay. 　　The driving forces must be confidence,optimism, and persistence--for all, not justfor some. All students must come to believethat they can succeed at learning if theytry. They must have continuous access to evidence of what they believe to be credible academic success, however small. This new understanding has spawned increased interest in formative assessment in recent years.

Which is meant by the author about the emotional promise of assessment forstudents?

To build up their confidence insuccess

解析：根据题干中的关键词emotional promise将答案：锁定在第三段和最后一段。根据第三段“Assessment and grading procedures... mustnow be revised to permit the possibility that allstudents could succeed at some appropriatelevel.. must now be replaced by others thatpromote hope and continuous effort ...”lak最后一段“The driving dynamic force for students cannot merely be competition for an artificialscarcity of success..The driving forces must be confidence, optimism, and persistence..."可推断出作者表达的意思是通过评估改革，教师要激发学生的自信与希望，使他们相信通过不断的努力，终会取得成功。故选择B。